{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:35:07Z","timestamp":1791441307456,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Shoulder &amp; Elbow"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple papers have described aspects of treatment of acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries. Most have emphasized aspects of surgical treatment, and some papers have addressed non-operative treatment. Few papers have highlighted the specific pathoanatomy of an AC joint injury or have described methods of evaluating the 3-dimensional pathomechanics resulting from the pathoanatomical injury. This paper is based on 3 observations: (1) AC joint injuries exist and present on a spectrum of pathoanatomy; (2) The effect of the pathoanatomy on normal AC joint mechanics to produce pathomechanics is dependent on the extent of the pathoanatomy; and (3) Treatment protocols should be developed to address the specific pathoanatomy to optimize the mechanics. A comprehensive clinical approach emphasizing the evaluation of the extent of the anatomic injury and understanding its mechanical consequences regarding shoulder and arm function is a key in the development of guidelines for developing operative or non-operative treatment protocols and for establishing outcomes of the treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17585732221122335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T02:37:13Z","timestamp":1662086233000},"page":"470-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acromioclavicular joint injuries revisited: Pathoanatomy, pathomechanics, and clinical presentation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"W Ben","family":"Kibler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington Clinic, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Sciascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Outcomes and Research, Lexington Clinic, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1304848"},{"key":"bibr2-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514538947"},{"key":"bibr3-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.01.004"},{"key":"bibr4-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512458571"},{"key":"bibr5-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20407"},{"key":"bibr6-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(80)80045-3"},{"key":"bibr7-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511428880"},{"key":"bibr8-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45719-1_18"},{"key":"bibr9-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511399379"},{"key":"bibr10-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2018.05.013"},{"key":"bibr11-17585732221122335","first-page":"860","volume-title":"Fractures in adults","author":"Rockwood CA","year":"1984","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr12-17585732221122335","first-page":"29","volume":"18","author":"Williams GR","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl Radiol"},{"key":"bibr13-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-5740.2012.00202.x"},{"key":"bibr14-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.02.005"},{"key":"bibr15-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.11.005"},{"key":"bibr16-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.08.019"},{"key":"bibr17-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508322891"},{"key":"bibr18-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.32545"},{"key":"bibr19-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.4.09"},{"key":"bibr20-17585732221122335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260050201"},{"key":"bibr21-17585732221122335","first-page":"383","volume":"12","author":"McLaughlin HL","year":"1951","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Joint Dis"},{"key":"bibr22-17585732221122335","unstructured":"Evidence-based practice in the diagnostic process. 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