{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:30:10Z","timestamp":1777876210181,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Shoulder &amp; Elbow"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age and sex are known predictors of isometric shoulder strength and therefore must be accounted for when noting strength values or administering assessments such as the Constant Score. Given the popularity of the Constant Score, it is important to ensure protocols and values remain clinically relevant and are representative of the intended population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Isometric shoulder strength was recorded for 511 participants without shoulder pathology using the Chatillon\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      hand-held dynamometer. Data were stratified by age and sex for comparison with published normative strength series. Other demographic variables were evaluated using linear regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Normative values for shoulder strength were generated. Age ( p\u2009=\u2009.003, [Formula: see text]) and sex ( p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, [Formula: see text]) were significant predictors of shoulder strength. Height ( p\u2009=\u2009.03, [Formula: see text] was a significant predictor of strength in females and weight was a significant predictor of strength in males ( p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, [Formula: see text]). Hand dominance was also significant, with non-dominant shoulder strength associated with higher strength in females ( p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, [Formula: see text]) and lower strength in males ( p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, [Formula: see text]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study generated normative shoulder strength values for a sample of the Australian population and provided a comparison between other normative scores. Significant demographic predictors in addition to age and sex were identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>III.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17585732231190577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T02:51:05Z","timestamp":1691031065000},"page":"621-627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Isometric shoulder strength: Normative Australian population data and associated factors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Phillip FR","family":"Duke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brisbane Hand and Upper Limb Research Institute, Brisbane Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darcy","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brisbane Hand and Upper Limb Research Institute, Brisbane Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brisbane Hand and Upper Limb Research Institute, Brisbane Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan E","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brisbane Hand and Upper Limb Research Institute, Brisbane Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Center for Work, Health, and Well-being, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4624-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brisbane Hand and Upper Limb Research Institute, Brisbane Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80079-7"},{"key":"bibr2-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112456280"},{"key":"bibr3-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.06.022"},{"key":"bibr4-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.06.024"},{"key":"bibr5-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.10.021"},{"key":"bibr6-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199110000-00034"},{"key":"bibr7-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.10.009"},{"key":"bibr8-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.07.003"},{"key":"bibr9-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.08.002"},{"key":"bibr10-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(98)90220-8"},{"key":"bibr11-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.08.001"},{"key":"bibr12-17585732231190577","unstructured":"R Core Team. 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National Health Survey: 2017-18. 2018."},{"key":"bibr18-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198701000-00023"},{"key":"bibr19-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1987.tb02684.x"},{"key":"bibr20-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250439"},{"key":"bibr21-17585732231190577","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2555-3-1"}],"container-title":["Shoulder &amp; Elbow"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17585732231190577","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17585732231190577","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17585732231190577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:17:26Z","timestamp":1777587446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17585732231190577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17585732231190577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17585732231190577","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5732","1758-5740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5732","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5740","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]}}}