{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:30:22Z","timestamp":1777876222107,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Shoulder &amp; Elbow"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The underlying shoulder pathology in radiographic superior escape of the humeral head and association between acromiohumeral interval (AHI) on radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of shoulder radiographs and MRI scans was undertaken. AHI was measured using both modalities. Deltoid bulk, long head of biceps brachii subluxation\/tear, and rotator cuff disease (tendon involvement, severity, fatty infiltration) were noted using MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 167 patients were included. MRI measurements of AHI were significantly smaller than radiographic measurements ( p\u2009=\u20090.010). AHI was significantly smaller in patients with at least one partial or full thickness rotator cuff tear ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and in patients with increased fatty infiltration based on Goutallier grade ( p\u2009=\u20090.004). In the presence of two or more tendon tears, long head of biceps brachii rupture was associated with superior escape ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In patients with superior escape (AHI &lt;6\u2005mm), the number of rotator cuff tendon tears ranged from 0 to 3 and Goutallier grades from 0 to 4 representing a wide disease spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiographic superior escape of the humeral head is correlated with full thickness rotator cuff tears, fatty infiltration, and long head of biceps brachii rupture. However, superior escape can occur with a single or no tendon injury with minimal fatty infiltration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III; Retrospective Case-Control Design; Prognosis Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17585732231215441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T02:52:25Z","timestamp":1700189545000},"page":"69-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Redefining superior escape of the humeral head: A radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6849-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex B","family":"Boyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tauranga Hospital, Tauranga, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon BM","family":"MacLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tauranga Hospital, Tauranga, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17585732231215441","first-page":"121","volume":"61","author":"Abrams JS","year":"2012","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"bibr2-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-35-411-149"},{"key":"bibr3-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B2.314"},{"key":"bibr4-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.52B3.524"},{"key":"bibr5-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199005000-00014"},{"key":"bibr6-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.06.003"},{"key":"bibr7-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/405472"},{"key":"bibr8-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000151441.05180.0e"},{"key":"bibr9-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.01.010"},{"key":"bibr10-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0435"},{"key":"bibr11-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(00)00028-0"},{"key":"bibr12-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300303"},{"key":"bibr13-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2004.12.001"},{"key":"bibr14-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211009846"},{"key":"bibr15-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.180002"},{"key":"bibr16-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.09.046"},{"key":"bibr17-17585732231215441","volume":"15","author":"Park S","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr18-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2005.12.002"},{"key":"bibr19-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.02.023"},{"key":"bibr20-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(99)90097-6"},{"key":"bibr21-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.01.007"},{"key":"bibr22-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2022.01.149"},{"key":"bibr23-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.11.015"},{"key":"bibr24-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.08.005"},{"key":"bibr25-17585732231215441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.06.002"}],"container-title":["Shoulder &amp; 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