{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:30:51Z","timestamp":1777876251818,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006392","name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Shoulder &amp; Elbow"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elbow injuries are likely to generate a decreased range of motion (ROM), which might negatively affect athletic performance. To date, the effect of elbow stiffness on endurance running performance has never been studied. We conducted an observational, prospective, cross-over study to examine the impact of elbow stiffness on running economy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty trained athletes performed running economy tests at 12\u2005km\u00b7h\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , with and without a limited elbow ROM (flexion: 90\u00b0, extension: 45\u00b0), imposed by a dynamic brace mimicking a severe elbow stiffness. Relative intensity and performance indexes were measured during a subsequent maximal incremental exercise test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Running economy was measured at 180\u2009\u00b1\u200910.6 mlO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00b7km\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      with a full ROM, and 180.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3 mlO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00b7km\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      with the limited ROM showing a non-significant 0.1% difference (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.871).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletes experiencing post-traumatic elbow stiffness can find reassurance in knowing that it does not seem to impact a crucial metric of endurance running performance, namely running economy. Further research could explore elbow movement at different intensities of running, from higher aerobic speeds to sprinting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17585732241306369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T07:29:52Z","timestamp":1734593392000},"page":"825-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of elbow stiffness on running economy in trained athletes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7612-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Wilk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Besson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine Center, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Lausanne University Sports Sciences Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Stockton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Vauclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Motion Center, Hirslanden Clinique Bois-Cerf, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Gremeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Exercise Medicine Center, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Lausanne University Sports Sciences Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"The posttraumatic stiff elbow","volume":"431","author":"Morrey BF","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morrey BF. The posttraumatic stiff elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005; 431: 26\u201335.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Shoulder and elbow trauma and its complications","author":"Greiwe RM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greiwe RM. Shoulder and elbow trauma and its complications. Amsterdam: Woodhead Publishing, 2015, (Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials). ISBN : 978-1-78242-449-9."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"8661","article-title":"The stiff elbow: current concepts","volume":"12","author":"Masci G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Masci G, Cazzato G, Milano G, et al. The stiff elbow: current concepts. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2020; 12: 8661.","journal-title":"Orthop Rev (Pavia)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679608997771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2012.10599870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198025000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200001000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0007-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0474-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2016.1269186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.024927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.3.1236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434070-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","article-title":"Accuracy of respiratory gas variables, substrate, and energy use from 15 CPET systems during simulated and human exercise","volume":"34","author":"Van Hooren B","year":"2024","unstructured":"Van Hooren B, Souren T, Bongers BC. Accuracy of respiratory gas variables, substrate, and energy use from 15 CPET systems during simulated and human exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34: e14490.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000145468.17329.9F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737040-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Anaerobic threshold: its concept and role in endurance sport","volume":"11","author":"Ghosh AK","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ghosh AK. Anaerobic threshold: its concept and role in endurance sport. Malays J Med Sci 2004; 11: 24\u201336.","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0765-1597(00)80017-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01651-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01237-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000391"}],"container-title":["Shoulder &amp; Elbow"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17585732241306369","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17585732241306369","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17585732241306369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:18:29Z","timestamp":1777587509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17585732241306369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17585732241306369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17585732241306369","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5732","1758-5740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5732","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5740","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]}}}