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These tumors constitute an important clinical challenge, as they do not respond to endocrine treatment and other targeted therapies. As a group they harbor an aggressive clinical phenotype with early development of visceral metastases and a poor long-term prognosis. While chemotherapy remains effective in triple-negative disease, research continues to further identify potential new targets based on phenotypical and molecular characteristics of these tumors. In this respect, the presence of a higher expression of different biomarkers including epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor and Akt activation has led to a proliferation of clinical trials assessing the role of inhibitors to these pathways in triple-negative tumors. Moreover, the described overlap between triple-negative and basal-like tumors, and the similarities with tumors arising in the BRCA1 mutation carriers has offered potential therapeutic avenues for patients with these cancers including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and a focus on a higher sensitivity to alkylating chemotherapy agents. Results from these trials have shown some benefit in small subgroups of patients, even in single-agent therapy, which reflects the heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer and highlights the need for a further subclassification of these types of tumors for better prognosis identification and treatment individualization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1758834012444711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:11:59Z","timestamp":1335831119000},"page":"195-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Triple-negative breast cancer: are we making headway at least?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Arnedos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Unit, Department of Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 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