{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:38:33Z","timestamp":1777876713530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Med Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunotherapy blocking programmed death-1 (PD-1)\/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has revolutionized the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), but only with limited real-world efficacy data; evidence from immunotherapy for other pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNEC) is scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of receiving PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with advanced PNEC and explore factors related to survival prognosis, providing clues for treatment for patients with advanced PNEC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all, 203 patients with advanced PNEC who received PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors between January 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan\u2013Meier curves were constructed for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the 203 patients, the objective response rate (ORR) was 48.3%, the disease control rate (DCR) was 83.3%, the median PFS (mPFS) was 6.0\u2009months, and the median OS (mOS) was 13.1\u2009months. Among them, the histology was 166 SCLC, 13 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and 24 other unspecified PNEC. Histologically, no significant difference was observed in PFS ( p\u2009=\u20090.240) or OS ( p\u2009=\u20090.845). In first-line (1L) treatment ( N\u2009=\u2009125), patients received chemoimmunotherapy and had an ORR of 64.8%, DCR of 92.0%, mPFS of 6.6\u2009months, and mOS of 14.9\u2009months. In second-line (2L) or later-line setting, the ORR, DCR, mPFS, and mOS were 21.8%, 69.2%, 4.4, and 9.4\u2009months; immunotherapy plus small-molecule antiangiogenic agents showed significantly greater PFS than immunotherapy monotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy (6.4 vs 1.4 vs 3.7\u2009months, p\u2009=\u20090.041). Patients without liver metastasis had superior PFS (7.0 vs 5.1\u2009months, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and OS (19.2 vs 9.6\u2009months, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than those with liver metastasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In clinical practice, PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors are effective in patients with advanced PNEC, regardless of the pathological histology. The efficacy of 1L immunochemotherapy is worthy of recognition, and the addition of small-molecule antiangiogenic agents to immunotherapy in 2L or later-line treatment provides a better survival trend.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359241288130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T03:11:05Z","timestamp":1728875465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-world efficacy of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with advanced pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma: a single-center analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5712-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanchen","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haicheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yehao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1755-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, 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