{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:40:17Z","timestamp":1777876817417,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Med Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Second-line options for biliary tract cancer (BTC) are limited. While nab-paclitaxel has demonstrated certain antitumor activity, evidence remains scarce. With gemcitabine\u2013cisplatin plus anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-(L)1) established as the first-line standard, the benefit of second-line immunotherapy\u2014especially in patients without prior anti-PD-(L)1 exposure\u2014remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel-based second-line treatments for advanced BTC, and compare outcomes between regimens with and without anti-PD-(L)1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a real-world retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reviewed BTC patients who received second-line nab-paclitaxel-based therapy at West China Hospital between August 2018 and August 2023. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in the entire population. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), response rate, adverse events (AEs) in the entire population, and comparison of survival outcomes and response rate between the chemo-anti-PD-(L)1 and chemotherapy groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 84 patients (41 in the chemo-anti-PD-(L)1 group and 43 in the chemotherapy group), the median OS was 15.17\u2009months (95% confidence interval (CI), 12.63\u201321.43), median PFS was 5.40\u2009months (95% CI, 3.23\u20138.03), objective response rate (ORR) was 21.43% (95% CI, 13.22\u201331.74), and disease control rate (DCR) was 60.71% (95% CI, 49.45\u201371.20). Common grade 3\u20134 AEs were leukopenia (21.4%), neutropenia (17.9%), and anemia (13.1%). Hepatitis (14.6%) was the most frequent immune-related AE. Although a numerical trend favored the chemo-anti-PD-(L)1 group, no statistically significant differences were observed in OS (16.9 vs 14.6\u2009months), PFS (7.3 vs 4.6\u2009months), ORR (29.3% vs 13.9%), or DCR (68.3% vs 53.5%). In the entire cohort, radical surgery improved OS. In addition, patients with a baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio \u2a7e3 and a \u2a7d30% reduction in carbohydrate antigen 19-9 from an initially elevated level during treatment had worse OS and PFS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nab-paclitaxel-based regimens represent a promising second-line treatment option for BTC. Although the improvement was not statistically significant, adding anti-PD-(L)1 therapy showed a trend toward improved survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR2500096599.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359251389753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T09:51:52Z","timestamp":1764323512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nab-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy with or without anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy as a second-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer: a real-world retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6523-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6594-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyou","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sirui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiancheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zijian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 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