{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T01:09:39Z","timestamp":1793840979102,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20250484920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250484920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007452","name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["320.6750.2022\u201303\u201348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.2022\u201303\u201348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic DiseasesNational Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2024ZD0525905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD0525905"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Peking University Cancer Hospital","award":["QNJJ202410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNJJ202410"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program","award":["BRWEP2024W032150100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRWEP2024W032150100"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007937","name":"peking university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMU2025PYJH041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMU2025PYJH041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital","award":["ZY202602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY202602"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Med Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-course induction chemoimmunotherapy (\u2a7e3 cycles) is increasingly used to downstage unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimal definitive local treatment for patients who remain inoperable after induction\u2014definitive radiotherapy (RT) alone versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT)\u2014remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare survival and toxicity outcomes between definitive RT and CRT following induction chemoimmunotherapy in unresectable NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a single-center retrospective cohort study using stable inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) to balance baseline characteristics between treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive patients with unresectable NSCLC without known actionable driver mutations who remained inoperable after long-course induction chemoimmunotherapy and subsequently received definitive RT or CRT were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan\u2013Meier methods and compared with weighted Cox proportional hazards models. Treatment-related adverse events were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. An exploratory analysis evaluated the association between consolidation immunotherapy and PFS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 153 patients were included (RT,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200963; CRT,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200990). At a median follow-up of 25.8\u2009months, the 1- and 2-year PFS rates were 83.5% and 54.3% in the RT group, compared with 82.1% and 61.1% in the CRT group (hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20090.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51\u20131.37;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.46). After sIPTW adjustment, PFS remained comparable (HR\u2009=\u20090.80; 95% CI, 0.47\u20131.35;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.46). OS was also similar between groups. Grade 3\u20134 hematologic toxicity was more frequent with CRT (24.4% vs 9.5%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Consolidation immunotherapy was associated with a numerical but non-significant PFS improvement (HR\u2009=\u20090.78; 95% CI, 0.48\u20131.27;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.32).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with unresectable NSCLC who remain inoperable after long-course induction chemoimmunotherapy, definitive RT alone provides survival outcomes comparable to CRT while reducing severe hematologic toxicity. RT alone may represent a reasonable definitive option for carefully selected patients in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359261447969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T12:41:08Z","timestamp":1779540068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Definitive radiotherapy provides comparable survival with lower toxicity compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy after long-course induction chemoimmunotherapy in unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, The Second People\u2019s Hospital of Datong, Datong, Shanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuhua","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 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