{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T07:06:57Z","timestamp":1784185617751,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Med Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preclinical data suggests a potential role for OX40 agonists in cancer treatment, though clinical trials have yielded modest results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed OX40 and other immune checkpoint RNA expression in advanced solid malignancies and their clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing tissue samples from 514 cancer patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune marker transcripts were evaluated using a clinical-grade laboratory test. OX40 expression was normalized, and percentiles ranked as \u201cmoderate\/low\u201d (0\u201374) or \u201chigh\u201d (75\u2013100).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High OX40 expression was found in 24% of tumors, primarily in esophageal, liver\/bile duct, stomach, small intestine, and lung cancers. High OX40 was associated with increased expression of programmed death-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, and forkhead box P3 but did not predict overall survival in immunotherapy-na\u00efve patients or outcomes post-immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OX40 expression is heterogeneous and strongly associated with immunosuppressive checkpoints, potentially suggesting that effective use of OX40 agonists may depend on patient selection based on tumor immunomics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359261456325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:00:50Z","timestamp":1783922450000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["OX40 transcriptomic expression and its association with immune checkpoints and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bicky","family":"Thapa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Nishizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Oncology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanna","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Nesline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Previs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor J.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"DePietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarabjot","family":"Pabla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labcorp, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumei","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razelle","family":"Kurzrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MCW Cancer Center and Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17293-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"661","article-title":"Ox40 costimulation enhances the development of T cell responses induced by dendritic cells in vivo","volume":"168","author":"De Smedt T","unstructured":"De Smedt T, Smith J, Baum P, et al. Ox40 costimulation enhances the development of T cell responses induced by dendritic cells in vivo. J Immunol (Baltim MD) 1950 2002; 168(2): 661\u2013670.","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltim MD)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-024-10184-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.007455"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109970"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0983"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30445-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36401\/JIPO-22-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-20-0161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"2023","article-title":"Correlation between biomarkers and treatment outcomes in diverse cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase I and II immunotherapy clinical trials","volume":"1990","author":"Fountzilas E","unstructured":"Fountzilas E, Vo HH, Mueller P, et al. Correlation between biomarkers and treatment outcomes in diverse cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase I and II immunotherapy clinical trials. Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl 1990 2023; 189: 112927.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00684-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1404214"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5940"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130592"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01865-3"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17588359261456325","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17588359261456325","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17588359261456325","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:47:47Z","timestamp":1784184467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17588359261456325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17588359261456325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17588359261456325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-8359","1758-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-8359","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"article-number":"17588359261456325"}}