{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:14:01Z","timestamp":1777684441880,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Association of Hand Therapists","award":["2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Innovative instruments have been designed to assess forearm rotation, an anatomically challenging motion to measure. This study assessed the concurrent validity, interrater reliability and responsiveness of a novel goniometer watch (GoWatch) to measure pure forearm rotation. The modified finger goniometer (MFG) was the criterion reference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty participants with restricted forearm rotation were recruited. Two raters measured supination and pronation using the GoWatch and MFG before and after a hand therapy session. Repeated-measures ANOVA assessed for systematic bias with an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">apriori<\/jats:italic>\n                      residual error of 5\u00b0 deemed as acceptable. Secondary analysis used intraclass coefficients (ICCs) to categorise interrater reliability. Responsiveness of the GoWatch was calculated using Cohen\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The GoWatch demonstrated acceptable agreement with the MFG with a mean difference for supination 1.19\u00b0 and pronation 0.20\u00b0. Interrater reliability was also within acceptable limits with a mean difference GoWatch supination 4.43\u00b0 and pronation 2.23\u00b0. Interrater reliability for GoWatch supination and pronation were categorized as excellent (ICC = 0.94) and good (ICC = 0.85) respectively. Systematic bias was observed in the instrument by rater interaction with rater two consistently underestimating GoWatch measures (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.05). GoWatch supination showed small to medium responsiveness (Rater 1:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.14; Rater 2:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.29) and pronation very small to medium responsiveness (Rater 1:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.29; Rater 2:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GoWatch is a viable and user-friendly alternative to measure forearm rotation with demonstrable validity, interrater reliability and responsiveness. Further research is required to ensure systematic bias is not endemic when used across multiple raters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17589983231211813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T05:05:43Z","timestamp":1698815143000},"page":"30-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validity, reliability and responsiveness of a goniometer watch to measure pure forearm rotation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9199-823X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Harte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Health and Social Care Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Nevill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wolverhampton"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulster University, Derry Londonderry Campus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulster University, Derry Londonderry Campus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2016.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2010.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","first-page":"833","volume-title":"Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity","author":"Naughton N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naughton N, Algar L. Therapy management of distal radius fractures. In: Skirven TM, Osterman AL, Fedorczyk JM, et al. (eds) Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity. 7th ed. Philidelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2021, pp. 833\u2013850.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-62539-5.00007-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. International Classification of Functioning and Health. WHO Geneva 2018 https:\/\/www.who.int\/standards\/classifications\/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health (accessed 12 October 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","volume-title":"Clinical assessment Recommendations","author":"MacDermid J","year":"2015","unstructured":"MacDermid J, Solomon G, Valdes K. Clinical assessment Recommendations. 3rd ed. NJ: Amercian Society of Hand Therapists: Mount Laurel, 2015.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(98)90003-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","volume-title":"Clinical Orthopaedic Examination","author":"McRae R","year":"1981","unstructured":"McRae R. Clinical Orthopaedic Examination. 1st ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1981.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(01)80022-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681_88_90089-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.9.523"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2015.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BME-130842"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00421598"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","first-page":"169","article-title":"The amplitude of pronation and supination with the elbow flexed to a right angle","volume":"87","author":"Darcus HD","year":"1953","unstructured":"Darcus HD, Salter N. The amplitude of pronation and supination with the elbow flexed to a right angle. J Anat 1953; 87(2): 169\u2013184.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2011.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01179-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2017.70.2.144"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.1999.jhsu24a0185"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","first-page":"61","volume-title":"An Adventure in statistics: the Reality Enigma","author":"Field A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Field A. An Adventure in statistics: the Reality Enigma. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications Ltd, 2022, p. 61.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-79948-3_1203"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","volume-title":"Statistical Power analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical Power analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 1988.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0753-5_2512"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2012.4.2.149"}],"container-title":["Hand Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17589983231211813","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17589983231211813","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17589983231211813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:48:56Z","timestamp":1777452536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17589983231211813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17589983231211813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17589983231211813","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-9983","1758-9991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-9983","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-9991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}}}