{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T07:58:53Z","timestamp":1785484733271,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand Therapy"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are the most common adult fracture in the UK, and patients seek online information to support recovery. The quality of such information varies, including in artificial intelligence (AI) generated summaries. This study explored the use of a generative AI model (Gemini) for information searching and synthesis of patient information on DRF recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven health information questions were co-developed with patients, hand therapists, and surgeons. Each question was searched in Google using three terms: \u2018distal radius fracture\u2019, \u2018wrist fracture\u2019, and \u2018broken wrist\u2019. For each AI Overview, the summary and cited sources were exported. Citations were screened for relevance and checked for accurate representation in the AI summary. Trustworthiness was rated using a National Institutes of Health (NIH) framework. AI summaries were compared with four UK guidelines on DRF management and rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across all searches, 277 citations were identified; 37% were irrelevant. Of relevant citations, 57% (n = 99) were highly trustworthy, 40% (n = 70) moderately, and 3% (n = 6) low. Core messages aligned with UK guidelines, but AI summaries often gave fixed recovery timeframes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Google\u2019s AI Overview produced generally accurate, trustworthy DRF recovery information. However, variable source relevance, differing complexity by search term, and fixed timeframes highlight the need for clinicians to understand the online content patients encounter. Terminology influenced tone, \u2018distal radius fracture\u2019 yielded technical summaries, \u2018wrist fracture\u2019 mixed technical and practical advice, \u2018broken wrist\u2019 offered more lay-friendly guidance. Awareness of these differences can support personalised advice and bridge gaps between AI-generated content and evidence-based practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17589983261472044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:33:52Z","timestamp":1785303232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What information is available online for adults with distal radius fracture? Online literature search and synthesis using generative AI"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7260-1977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ceh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London"},{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2787-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalpesh R.","family":"Vaghela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London"},{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6954-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Newington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London"},{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06608-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193418786378"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-007-9069-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193418812645"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-020-09880-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","unstructured":"British Society for Surgery of the Hand British Orthopaedic Association. Best practice for management of distal radial Fractures (DRFs). https:\/\/www.bssh.ac.uk\/_userfiles\/pages\/files\/professionals\/Radius\/BlueBookDRFFinalDocument.pdf (2018 accessed 22 June 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030469"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-022-01011-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijotn.2024.101101"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1962990"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407X179026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030880"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2024.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0194262X.2023.2250835"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114262"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-023-6132-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2023.1166014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12856"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/46761"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100099"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40789"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00f8lstad A Skjuve M Brandtzaeg PB. 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How to evaluate health information on the internet: questions and answers. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/HealthInformation\/How_To_Evaluate_Health_Information_on_the_Internet_Questions_and_Answers.aspx (2022) accessed 30 May 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","unstructured":"British Orthopaedic Association. British Orthopaedic Association Audit Standards for Trauma - the management of distal radius fractures. https:\/\/www.boa.ac.uk\/resource\/boast-16-pdf.html (2017) accessed 22 June 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","unstructured":"British Association of Hand Therapists. Standards of hand therapy practice in the rehabilitation of surgically and non-surgically managed distal radius fractures. https:\/\/www.hand-therapy.co.uk\/_userfiles\/pages\/files\/distal_radius_fractures_working_group_2024.pdf (2024) accessed 22 June 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 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