{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:59:37Z","timestamp":1780372777502,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients are known to have a higher prevalence of several comorbidities, including, among others, an increased risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the sum of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is related to disease characteristics, such as disease activity, in patients with axSpA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study that encompassed 804 patients with axSpA was conducted. Patients were assessed for the presence of five traditional CV risk factors (diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and smoking status), and disease activity measurements. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether the number of classic CV risk factors was independently associated with specific features of the disease, to include disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multivariable analysis showed that Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score\u2013C reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) activity score was significantly higher in patients with 1 [beta coefficient 0.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1\u20130.5), p\u2009=\u20090.001] and \u2a7e2 [beta coefficient 0.5 (95% CI 0.3\u20130.7), p\u2009=\u20090.000] CV risk factors compared with those without CV risk factors. Similarly, patients with 1 [OR 2.00 (95%CI 0.99\u20134.02), p\u2009=\u20090.053] and \u2a7e2 [OR 3.39 (95%CI 1.82\u20136.31), p\u2009=\u20090.000] CV risk factors had a higher odds ratio for the presence of high disease activity compared with the zero CV category. The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) activity score was significantly associated with the number of CV risk factors, being higher in patients with more CV risk factors. These relationships showed a CV risk factor-dependent effect being beta coefficients and ORs higher for the effect of \u2a7e2 over 1 CV risk factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among patients with axSpA, as the number of traditional CV risk factors increased, disease activity similarly increases in an independent manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720x211033755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T08:59:28Z","timestamp":1627462768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Potential relation of cardiovascular risk factors to disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0197-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Ferraz-Amaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra sn, Tenerife, 38320, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Rueda-Gotor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Genre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Corrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-2285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Portilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Maz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario 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Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negr\u00edn, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negr\u00edn, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7552-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaela","family":"Ortega-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-2224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Lourdes","family":"Ladehesa-Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Carballido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Paz","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Castro-Corredor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Anino-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luz","family":"Garc\u00eda Vivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Gal\u00edndez-Agirregoikoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Peiteado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chamaida","family":"Plasencia-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Montes 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Santander, Spain"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain"},{"name":"University of the Witwatersrand, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa246"},{"key":"bibr2-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2017.07.006"},{"key":"bibr3-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00062"},{"key":"bibr4-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209775"},{"key":"bibr5-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00233-4"},{"key":"bibr6-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1753"},{"key":"bibr7-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.21.2012"},{"key":"bibr8-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr205"},{"key":"bibr9-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000029781.31325.66"},{"key":"bibr10-1759720X211033755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7305"},{"key":"bibr11-1759720X211033755","first-page":"612","volume":"31","author":"Papagoras 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