{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:15:39Z","timestamp":1787019339881,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"instituto de salud carlos iii","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISCIII"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISCIII"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"european regional development fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"RETICS Program","award":["RD16\/0012\/0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0012\/0009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual involvement is the most feared complication of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Information on the efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) for this complication is scarce and controversial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed a wide series of GCA treated with TCZ, to evaluate its role in the prevention of new visual complications and its efficacy when this manifestation was already present before the initiation of TCZ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is an observational multicenter study of patients with GCA treated with TCZ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of visual involvement before TCZ onset. Visual manifestations were classified into the following categories: transient visual loss (TVL), permanent visual loss (PVL), diplopia, and blurred vision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four hundred seventy-one GCA patients (mean age, 74\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u2009years) were treated with TCZ. Visual manifestations were observed in 122 cases (26%), of which 81 were present at TCZ onset: PVL ( n\u2009=\u200960; unilateral\/bilateral: 48\/12), TVL ( n\u2009=\u200917; unilateral\/bilateral: 11\/6), diplopia ( n\u2009=\u20092), and blurred vision ( n\u2009=\u20092). None of the patients without previous visual involvement or with TVL had new episodes after initiation of TCZ, while only 11 out of 60 (18%) patients with PVL experienced some improvement. The two patients with diplopia and one of the two patients with blurred vision improved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TCZ may have a protective effect against the development of visual complications or new episodes of TVL in GCA. However, once PVL was established, only a few patients improved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720x221113747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T08:10:23Z","timestamp":1658477423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Tocilizumab in visual involvement of giant cell arteritis: a multicenter study of 471 patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4754-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Loricera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santos","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Catedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, UAM, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Moriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1614-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Aldasoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Maiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Melero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Romero-Yuste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Callejas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"de Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Gal\u00edndez-Agirregoikoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3414-1667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Sivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Elda, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas C.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Juan Canalejo, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Galisteo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Parc Taul\u00ed, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0197-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Ferraz-Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Bilbao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Goercke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Division, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Avda. Valdecilla s\/n, ES-39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Dpto. de Medicina y Psiquiatr\u00eda, Universidad de Cantabria, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Avda. Valdecilla s\/n, ES-39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-2285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Avda. Valdecilla s\/n, ES-39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000180042.42156.d1"},{"key":"bibr2-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1497::AID-ART22>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"bibr3-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21075"},{"key":"bibr4-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160466"},{"key":"bibr5-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken480"},{"key":"bibr6-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.06.011"},{"key":"bibr7-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex428"},{"key":"bibr8-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151033"},{"key":"bibr9-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.04.027"},{"key":"bibr10-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141347"},{"key":"bibr11-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003524"},{"key":"bibr12-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh058"},{"key":"bibr13-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00560-2"},{"key":"bibr14-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613849"},{"key":"bibr15-1759720X221113747","first-page":"S1049","volume":"72","author":"Christ L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"bibr16-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003"},{"key":"bibr17-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02377-8"},{"key":"bibr18-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02480-4"},{"key":"bibr19-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21750"},{"key":"bibr20-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810"},{"key":"bibr21-1759720X221113747","first-page":"S44","volume":"34","author":"Loricera J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr22-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.01.006"},{"key":"bibr23-1759720X221113747","first-page":"275","volume":"32","author":"Riancho-Zarrabeitia L","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr24-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41026"},{"key":"bibr25-1759720X221113747","volume":"32","author":"Calvo-R\u00edo V","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr26-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex480"},{"key":"bibr27-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.12.019"},{"key":"bibr28-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"bibr29-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200329"},{"key":"bibr30-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.22.2864"},{"key":"bibr31-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1681_20"},{"key":"bibr32-1759720X221113747","first-page":"S96","volume":"31","author":"Figus M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr33-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2016.1266030"},{"key":"bibr34-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.98"},{"key":"bibr35-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310607"},{"key":"bibr36-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00003"},{"key":"bibr37-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2017.04.009"},{"key":"bibr38-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2020.08.028"},{"key":"bibr39-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.11.002"},{"key":"bibr40-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.09.008"},{"key":"bibr41-1759720X221113747","first-page":"15","volume":"38","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay MA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr42-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2019.06.006"},{"key":"bibr43-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40674-016-0043-x"},{"key":"bibr44-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00770-7"},{"key":"bibr45-1759720X221113747","first-page":"61","volume":"37","author":"Czihal M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr46-1759720X221113747","first-page":"524","volume":"56","author":"Yates M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"bibr47-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000145369.25558.b5"},{"key":"bibr48-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05643-5"},{"key":"bibr49-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20171"},{"key":"bibr50-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22141"},{"key":"bibr51-1759720X221113747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.02.006"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1759720X221113747","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1759720X221113747","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1759720X221113747","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:38:39Z","timestamp":1777588719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1759720X221113747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1759720X221113747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1759720x221113747","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-720X","1759-7218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-720X","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"article-number":"1759720X221113747"}}