{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:43:28Z","timestamp":1777877008645,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 blockade showed beneficial results in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and evidence of cytokine release at the early disease stage. Here, we report outcomes of open-label therapy with a combination of blocking IL-6 with tocilizumab 8\u2009mg\/kg up to 800\u2009mg and IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra 100\u2013300\u2009mg over 3\u20135\u2009days. Thirty-one adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and signs of cytokine release, mean age 54 (30\u201379) years, 5 female, 26 male, and mean symptom duration 6 (3\u201310) days were treated. Patients with more than 10\u2009days of symptoms, evidence of bacterial infection\/elevated procalcitonin and other severe lung diseases were excluded. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the lung were performed initially and after 1\u2009month; inflammatory activity was assessed on a scale 0\u201325. Twenty-five patients survived without intubation and mechanical lung ventilation, two patients died. C-reactive protein decreased in 19\/31 patients to normal ranges. The mean activity CT score decreased from 14 (8\u201320) to 6 (0\u201316, n\u2009=\u200916). In conclusion, most of our patients recovered fast and sustained, indicating that early interruption of cytokine release might be very effective in preventing patients from mechanical ventilation, death, and long-term damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720x221116405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T02:59:45Z","timestamp":1662346785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Successful treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, a case series with simultaneous interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 blockade with 1-month follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5180-1831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hildrun","family":"Haibel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charit\u00e9\u2013University Medicine Berlin, Campus 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Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janis L.","family":"Vahldiek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 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