{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:16:10Z","timestamp":1792498570095,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1C1C1009815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1C1C1009815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although extramusculoskeletal manifestations, such as uveitis and psoriasis, in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) are well-documented, studies on the occurrence of glomerulonephritis in this population are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the incidence rate and risk factors for glomerulonephritis in patients with axial SpA using a nationwide population-based cohort in Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nationwide population-based study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included patients diagnosed with axial SpA between 2016 and 2019 from Korea\u2019s National Health Insurance Database. Patients with a diagnosis of preexisting kidney disease prior to their axial SpA diagnosis and those diagnosed with glomerulonephritis within 1\u2009year of their axial SpA diagnosis were excluded. For the remaining patients, the incidence rates of glomerulonephritis and Cox proportional hazard ratios were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 11,796 patients, 58 had glomerulonephritis, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.82 per 1000 person-years. After adjusting for age and sex, the hazard ratio for patients with a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of \u2a7e1 was 2.03 (confidence interval (CI), 1.14\u20133.63; p\u2009=\u20090.017). When adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities, the hazard ratio for patients with hypertension was 2.37 (CI, 1.20\u20134.69; p\u2009=\u20090.014). Among the 58 patients, 4 (6.9%) were diagnosed with glomerulonephritis, as confirmed via kidney biopsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence rate of glomerulonephritis in Korean patients with axial SpA is lower than that in patients with other musculoskeletal manifestations. In addition, the presence of comorbidities, including hypertension, is a significant risk factor for glomerulonephritis in patients with axial SpA. Despite the low occurrence, careful monitoring for glomerulonephritis in patients with axial SpA is essential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720x251320328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T02:01:31Z","timestamp":1739757691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Incidence rate of and risk factors for glomerulonephritis in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a nationwide population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6694-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3307-2970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye-Jee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9213-9768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Min","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4212-2634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bon San","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 170, Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10380, South 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