{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:53:57Z","timestamp":1792000437505,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly prescribed for weight reduction and glycemic control and have been shown to exert immunomodulatory effects. However, the association between GLP-1RA use and the onset of RA remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between GLP-1RA exposure and new-onset RA in a large population-based study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, population-based case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from a nationwide health provider database. All adults diagnosed with RA were matched with controls (1:5) by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. The primary exposure was GLP-1RA use within the 10\u2009years preceding RA diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between GLP-1RA use and new onset RA, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Duration of GLP-1RA exposure was stratified according to length of exposure (\u2a7d6 vs &gt;6\u2009months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 4535 RA cases and 22,675 matched controls. In univariate analyses, subcutaneous semaglutide and liraglutide were significantly associated with new onset RA, while dulaglutide showed a non-significant trend. These associations remained significant in multivariable models adjusted for potential confounders. Higher BMI categories and DM were independently associated with new onset RA. When GLP-1RA exposure was stratified according to length of exposure (\u2a7d6 vs &gt;\u20096\u2009months), shorter exposure, but not longer exposure, was associated with new onset RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1RA use was associated with new onset RA. However, prolonged treatment appeared to attenuate this association, potentially reflecting the beneficial effects of GLP-1RAs on BMI and glycemic control, which are independently associated with new onset RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720x261425441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:11:07Z","timestamp":1772255467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4389-8896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Israel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Gray Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9648-1130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadi","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 63, Nahariya 22100, Israel Azrieli\u2019s Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Merzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Kurtam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli\u2019s Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department \u201cF,\u201d Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli\u2019s Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department \u201cF,\u201d Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3122-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai","family":"Assalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, School of Public Health, Grey Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo","family":"Vinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leumit Research Institute, Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, School of Public Health, Grey Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9777-2864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad E.","family":"Naffaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli\u2019s Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401106"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"525","article-title":"Smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Voigt LF","year":"1994","unstructured":"Voigt LF, Koepsell TD, Nelson JL, et al. 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