{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:36:54Z","timestamp":1792787814286,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic DiseasesNational Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2023ZD0508200, 2023ZD0508205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD0508200, 2023ZD0508205"]}]},{"name":"2024 National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program of China"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Plus X- Young Scholars Project of Peking University, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["PKU2025PKULCXQ025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PKU2025PKULCXQ025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is a major risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)\u2013based agonists facilitate weight loss and may influence musculoskeletal health. However, whether GLP-1R based agonists are associated with the musculoskeletal adverse events during the treatment remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the association between the use of GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RA) and the spontaneous reports of musculoskeletal adverse events based on RCT safety data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PubMed<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Embase<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials for Studies, and Clinicaltrial.gov website were searched for RCTs of GLP-1R\u2013based agonists from the inception to June 2025. The primary endpoint was the association between GLP-1R\u2013based agonists and the reported musculoskeletal adverse events, expressed as risk ratio with the 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effect model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 43 RCTs with 100,488 participants were included. No significant difference was observed between users of GLP-1RAs and the control group in the reporting of the prespecified musculoskeletal adverse events, including gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporotic fracture, synovitis, or intervertebral disc protrusion. However, a higher proportion of male participants was associated with fewer reports of osteoarthritis (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.015, 95% CI, \u22120.029 to \u22120.001) in GLP-1R\u2013based agonist users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1RAs were not associated with the spontaneously reported events of gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporotic fracture, synovitis, or intervertebral disc protrusion. A higher percentage of male participants was associated with fewer reports of osteoarthritis among GLP-1RA users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720x261428147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T08:10:16Z","timestamp":1772266216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and reported musculoskeletal adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2365-9831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7881-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Ward ZJ Bleich SN Cradock AL. Projected U.S. State-level prevalence of adult obesity and severe obesity. N Engl J Med https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMsa1909301?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed (2019 accessed 23 July 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2014-000012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1232"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-025-01604-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103864"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for arthritis and osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Nashwan AJ.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nashwan AJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for arthritis and osteoarthritis. Cureus 2025; 17(9): e93373.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.06.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","article-title":"The impact of contemporary glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on the onset, severity, and conversion to arthroplasty in hip and knee osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Porto JR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Porto JR, Lavu MS, Hecht CJ, et al. The impact of contemporary glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on the onset, severity, and conversion to arthroplasty in hip and knee osteoarthritis. Orthop J Sports Med 2025; 13(1): 23259671241297157.","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403664"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","article-title":"Comparative risk of musculoskeletal adverse reactions among new users of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Park T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park T, Bresnahan M, Griggs SK, et al. Comparative risk of musculoskeletal adverse reactions among new users of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm 2021; 2: 100022.","journal-title":"Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","article-title":"Treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide is associated with amelioration of disease activity in a prospective cohort study of patients with inflammatory arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Sullivan C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sullivan C, Gaoatswe G, Gibney J, et al. Treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide is associated with amelioration of disease activity in a prospective cohort study of patients with inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2013; 65(Suppl. 10): S630\u2013S631.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","article-title":"New therapeutic opportunities shared by obesity, type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"99","author":"Valentina G","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valentina G, Sylvia P. New therapeutic opportunities shared by obesity, type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Endocr Abstr 2024; 99: EP24.","journal-title":"Endocr Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12043"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Risk on bias assessment: (2) revised cochrane risk of bias tool for individually randomized, parallel group trials (RoB2.0)","volume":"38","author":"Yang ZR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang ZR, Sun F, Zhan SY. [Risk on bias assessment: (2) revised cochrane risk of bias tool for individually randomized, parallel group trials (RoB2.0)]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38(9): 1285\u20131291.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins JP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011; 343(2): d5928.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.907750"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01268-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/096368911X576027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1214"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.07.086"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01645-y"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","first-page":"607","article-title":"The association between GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and the incidence of asthma in patients with type 2 diabetes and\/or obesity: a meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Zhang MQ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang MQ, Lin C, Cai XL, et al. The association between GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and the incidence of asthma in patients with type 2 diabetes and\/or obesity: a meta-analysis. Biomed Environ Sci 2024; 37(6): 607\u2013616.","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbaf028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan M Megyeri S Nuffer W et al. The potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in osteoarthritis. J Hum Pharmacol Drug Ther https:\/\/accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/phar.70005 (2025 accessed 25 July 2025).","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.70005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2391524"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2023.100502","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetic kidney disease: a review of their kidney and heart protection","volume":"14","author":"Michos ED","year":"2023","unstructured":"Michos ED, Bakris GL, Rodbard HW, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetic kidney disease: a review of their kidney and heart protection. Am J Prev Cardiol 2023; 14: 100502.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najafi S Bahrami M Butler AE et al. The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on serum uric acid concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1111\/bcp.15344 (2022 accessed 26 July 2025).","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15344"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5252"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06647-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2024.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17121655"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang D-H Mo Y-X Tan X et al. A comprehensive meta-analysis on the association of SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs with vascular diseases digestive diseases and fractures. Acta Diabetol https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00592-024-02289-y (2024 accessed 25 July 2025).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-024-02289-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1410883"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-025-01552-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2024.117338"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112125"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan Y Liu S Tang Q. Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on bone mineral density bone metabolism markers and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00592-025-02468-5 (2025 accessed 25 July 2025).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-025-02468-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","article-title":"Rethinking BMI and obesity management: the transformative role of artificial intelligence","volume":"16","author":"Nashwan AJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nashwan AJ, Abdi Hassan M, AlBarakat MM. Rethinking BMI and obesity management: the transformative role of artificial intelligence. Cureus 2024; 16(2): e54995.","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1759720X261428147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1759720X261428147","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1759720X261428147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:40:37Z","timestamp":1777588837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1759720X261428147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1759720X261428147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1759720x261428147","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-720X","1759-7218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-720X","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-7218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"article-number":"1759720X261428147"}}