{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:10:02Z","timestamp":1778310602237,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82402094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82402094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with low muscle mass (myopenia) have a higher risk of physical dysfunction and poor prognosis. However, the evidence of longitudinal changes in muscle mass in female RA patients was scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the long-term muscle dynamics and their potential effectors in female RA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 5-year prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female RA patients without a diagnosis of myopenia at baseline were included if they finished the time frame of 5-year follow-up and had at least 2\u2009times of muscle assessments by bioelectric impedance analysis. Linear mixed-effect models (LMEM) were used to analyze the annual progression rates of the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 210 female RA patients included, with a mean age of 48.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9\u2009years and a median disease duration of 48 (interquartile range (IQR) 19, 95) months. During the median follow-up time of 4.73 (IQR: 2.86\u20135.15) years, the multivariable-adjusted annual decline rate of ASMI was \u22120.021 (standard error (SE) 0.007) (95% CI: \u22120.034 to \u22120.007,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), consistent with a 2.059% decrease of ASMI at 5-year follow-up relative to baseline. Subgroup analyses showed RA patients without sustained remission (\u22120.031 (SE 0.008)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0003,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      for interaction\u2009=\u20090.022), and those with a total dose of glucocorticoids (equivalent dose of prednisone) &gt;6052\u2009mg (\u22120.050 (SE 0.017)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      for interaction\u2009=\u20090.049) have a higher annual decline rate of ASMI. There were 15.2% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932) patients who experienced a transition from non-myopenia to myopenia during the follow-up. The transition proportion of RA patients with sustained remission was significantly lower than that of patients without sustained remission (3.2% vs 20.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), and patients with a total dose of glucocorticoids &gt;6052\u2009mg showed a higher transition risk than those without (31.5% vs 11.7%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings firstly illustrated the annual decline rate of muscle mass in female RA patients from a 5-year longitudinal data, and revealed the potential effect of tight control of disease activity and less glucocorticoid use for delaying the loss of muscle mass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720x261446559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:09:09Z","timestamp":1778040549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term dynamic of muscle mass and its effectors in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 5-year prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. 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