{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T07:54:52Z","timestamp":1787644492970,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nongranulomatous acute anterior uveitis (NG-AAU) is the most common extra-articular manifestation of spondyloarthritis (SpA) and may be a warning sign of previously undiagnosed axial SpA (ax-SpA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the known diagnostic delay of ax-SpA, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of previously undiagnosed ax-SpA among NG-AAU patients and to characterize the clinical features of ax-SpA identified through uveitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This monocentric study included consecutive NG-AAU patients referred to a tertiary ophthalmologic center between August 2024 and August 2025. All patients underwent a comprehensive rheumatologic assessment, including human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) testing and sacro-iliac joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound evaluation of entheses and symptomatic joints was also performed. SpA diagnosis was established by expert opinion based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 68 NG-AAU patients, 38 without a previous rheumatic diagnosis were included. Sixteen (43.2%) received a new diagnosis of ax-SpA, and none with peripheral SpA. HLA-B27 positivity was more frequent in ax-SpA than in non-SpA patients (56% vs 33%). All ax-SpA patients reported prior episodes of back pain, although inflammatory back pain was present in only 56.3% at the time of evaluation. Mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) scores and symptom duration were significantly higher in ax-SpA patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041, respectively). MRI revealed active sacroiliitis in 62.5% and erosions in 75% of newly diagnosed ax-SpA patients. Only 68.7% of new diagnoses fulfilled the 2009 Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria for ax-SpA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly half of NG-AAU patients had previously unrecognized ax-SpA, often presenting with mild or atypical axial symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of integrated ophthalmologic and rheumatologic evaluation to facilitate earlier ax-SpA diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720x261449924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T16:43:55Z","timestamp":1785602635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recurrent uveitis unveiling axial spondyloarthritis: is inflammatory back pain always the main road to diagnosis? A monocentric cohort"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8102-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority- IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Rheumatology Unit, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Crescentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority- IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Rheumatology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Citriniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority- IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Rheumatology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority- IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Rheumatology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Macaluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority- IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Rheumatology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Macchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority- IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Rheumatology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Cimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority - IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Ocular Immunology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bolletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority - IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Ocular Immunology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Gozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority - IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Ocular Immunology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority - IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Ocular Immunology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority - IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Ocular Immunology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Salvarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority- IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Rheumatology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, with Interest in Transplants, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Possemato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority- IRCCS Advanced Technologies and Care Models in Oncology, Rheumatology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21619"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0403-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6632081"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_240_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2023.2296617"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205358"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-09138-1.00034-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa807"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14175"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20575"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","article-title":"Assessment tools in psoriatic arthritis: a review","volume":"30","author":"Sandoval DC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sandoval DC, Fern\u00e1ndez-\u00c1vila DG. Assessment tools in psoriatic arthritis: a review. Rev Colomb Reumatol 2023; 30: S75\u2013S86.","journal-title":"Rev Colomb Reumatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215589"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213609"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43265"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170115"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","first-page":"391","article-title":"Clinical subgroups and HLA antigens in Italian patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Salvarani C","year":"1989","unstructured":"Salvarani C, Macchioni PL, Zizzi F, et al. Clinical subgroups and HLA antigens in Italian patients with psoriatic arthritis. 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