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Although being a rare condition, its awareness is of utmost clinical interest because of the possible severe consequences it can bring when misrecognized or inadequately treated. Its etiology remains unclear and is still debated. Many theories have been proposed, including inflammation, local ischemia, subchondral ossification abnormalities, genetic factors, and repetitive mechanical microtrauma, with a likely interplay of the same. This review article aims to deliver and discuss current and up-to-date concepts on epidemiology, etiology, and natural history of this pediatric condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Level of evidence: level V.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/18632521221149063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T05:43:27Z","timestamp":1674884607000},"page":"40-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: Epidemiology, etiology, and natural history"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Turati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Transalpine Center of Pediatric Sports Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca - Hospital Couple Enfant, Monza (Italy), Grenoble, France"},{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Couple Enfant, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo Maria","family":"Anghilieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Transalpine Center of Pediatric Sports Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca - Hospital Couple Enfant, Monza (Italy), Grenoble, France"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Policlinico San Pietro, Ponte San Pietro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Rigamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Policlinico San Pietro, Ponte San Pietro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9355-7937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane","family":"Tercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Nicolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Children\u2019s Hospital, Sheffield Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Accadbled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Children\u2019s Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-2837-6"},{"key":"bibr2-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-2824-y"},{"key":"bibr3-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01399"},{"key":"bibr4-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.02.016"},{"key":"bibr5-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603518758435"},{"key":"bibr6-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100509"},{"key":"bibr7-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515596410"},{"key":"bibr8-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3907-y"},{"key":"bibr9-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-5059-x"},{"key":"bibr10-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20131120-23"},{"key":"bibr11-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677608988756"},{"key":"bibr12-18632521221149063","first-page":"641","volume":"78","author":"Shea KG","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"bibr13-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513510390"},{"key":"bibr14-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506290127"},{"key":"bibr15-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001107"},{"key":"bibr16-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180079"},{"key":"bibr17-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211057103"},{"key":"bibr18-18632521221149063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4946.20.05944-7."},{"key":"bibr19-18632521221149063","unstructured":"Hefti F, Beguiristain J, Krauspe R, et al. 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