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Weighted Least Square and Weighted Least Absolute Value based algorithms were suggested for SE but they were designed for transmission systems, and are not stable and robust. Recently metaheuristic algorithms have been applied in solving power system optimization problems, and rarely applied to SE problems. This paper applies Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO), a population-basedmetaheuristic algorithm, in solving SE problemswith WLS objective function, and presents results on two IEEE distribution systems for showcasing its superiority.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/18724981251324570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:39:32Z","timestamp":1742949572000},"page":"1938-1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Invasive weed optimization based state estimation for smart distribution systems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kulothungan","family":"Vedavalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science &amp; Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India"}]},{"given":"Narayanan","family":"Muruganantham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical &amp; Electronics, PeriyarManiammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, India"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAS.1970.292678"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app8091527"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"305","article-title":"A survey on the micro-phasor measurement unit in distribution networks","volume":"9","author":"Dusabimana E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dusabimana E, Yoon SG. 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