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Knockdown models assessed its effects on proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TUBB3 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissues versus normal mucosa. High TUBB3 correlated with poorer disease-free and overall survival but not other clinicopathological features. Functionally, TUBB3 knockdown inhibited proliferation via G2\/M arrest and reduced migration\/invasion by disrupting invadopodia, without affecting apoptosis, EMT, or ECM degradation. In vivo, TUBB3 depletion suppressed tumor growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, TUBB3 promoted G2\/M transition via p21\/Cyclin B1 and enhanced invasiveness through Cortactin\/JNK activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TUBB3 overexpression predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer. It drives proliferation via cell cycle regulation and metastasis through invadopodia formation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/18758592251390145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T18:29:34Z","timestamp":1761244174000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TUBB3 (\u03b2III-tubulin) drives gastric cancer progression and poor prognosis by regulating cell cycle and invadopodia formation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9103-5078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7506-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9005-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert Chunhua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-025-01204-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jncc.2024.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"221","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022","volume":"46","author":"Zheng RS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng RS, et al. 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