{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T14:01:22Z","timestamp":1780149682000,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003121","name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003121","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Biomarkers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrated bioinformatics approaches were used to identify stage-specific candidate genes and potential drug targets in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microarray (164 early-stage, 33 advanced-stage, and 53 normal samples) and RNA-seq (113 normal, 163 early-stage, and 30 advanced-stage TNBC samples) datasets were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, followed by co-expression analysis using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and protein\u2013protein interaction analysis using the STRING database. miRNA co-regulation was evaluated using multiMiR and TCGA correlation analyses. Candidate genes were validated using UALCAN and immunohistochemistry data. Molecular docking assessed potential therapeutic agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Novel stage-specific candidate biomarkers were identified, including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">DNAJC6<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SKP2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">MOCOS<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NCAPD2<\/jats:italic>\n                      in early-stage TNBC, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F11R<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FOXO6<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PPP4C<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TMEM51<\/jats:italic>\n                      in advanced-stage TNBC. UALCAN analysis confirmed the dysregulation of these genes across 23 additional malignancies. STRING-based network analysis revealed stage-specific protein\u2013protein interactions, including SKP2\u2013SKP1 in early-stage and F11R\u2013TJP1 in advanced-stage TNBC. miRNA co-regulation distinguished early-stage TNBC through PI3K\u2013AKT\u2013related pathways and advanced-stage TNBC through tumor progression\u2013associated pathways. Docking-based drug repurposing highlighted conventional agents (e.g., doxorubicin) and potential novel candidates (e.g., sunitinib).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identifies novel stage-specific gene candidates and suggests repurposable drugs for TNBC, supporting progression-specific targeted therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/18758592261454886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T13:29:38Z","timestamp":1779974978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stage-specific biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer: Preliminary findings from bioinformatics approaches"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Faeze","family":"Shahraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5804-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azadeh","family":"Meshkini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Nazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Information Technology and Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04234-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190012442062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071796"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02811-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.10944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04316-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153697"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2025.14926"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Molecular biology mechanisms and emerging therapeutics of triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"17","author":"Zhang Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zhang R, Li D. 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