{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:49:45Z","timestamp":1777877385686,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to (1) examine the construct validity of the Zorowitz spasticity patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale in pediatric populations and (2) examine the scale's responsiveness to change in children to determine its clinical utility in guiding treatment of pediatric spasticity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective analysis of data collected at a large academic pediatric hospital system, including 505 patients who received injections for spasticity from pediatric physiatrists, was performed. Zorowitz scores, spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale) scores, and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels were extracted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Baseline Zorowitz score (median 19, interquartile range 13\u201325) was not related to functional level (\n r\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n =\u2009\u22120.088,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.20) nor muscle tone (\n r\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n =\u20090.006,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.95), but patients with follow-up data reported reduced impact of spasticity post-injection (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001). Higher baseline Zorowitz score was related to a greater decrease in Zorowitz score after injection (\n r\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n =\u2009\u22120.39,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.00001). Injection location, sex, number of muscles injected, and botulinum toxin dose were not related to Zorowitz change score.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The Zorowitz scale may be responsive to spasticity treatment in children. However, construct validity to existing clinical measures was not observed, suggesting either that a clinical gold standard does not exist, that the scale measures a construct not otherwise captured clinically, or that it has limited validity in children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/18758894241296259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T11:32:43Z","timestamp":1743247963000},"page":"5-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical utility of a patient-reported outcome for assessing spasticity in a pediatric population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Elaine Hong","family":"Hatch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashlee M.","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Prosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12268"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Child Neurology Foundation. Spasticity - Child Neurology Foundation. [online] https:\/\/www.childneurologyfoundation.org\/disorder\/spasticity\/ (2020 accessed 6 November 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.e89"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.17.04796-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280500404305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"279175","article-title":"Clinical understanding of spasticity: implications for practice","volume":"142014","author":"Bhimani R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhimani R, Anderson L. Clinical understanding of spasticity: implications for practice. Rehabil Res Pract 2014; 142014: 279175. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4168242\/","journal-title":"Rehabil Res Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0607-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11038128.2018.1502344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0526-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","article-title":"Injectable neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of spasticity and movement disorders","volume":"18","author":"Tilton AH","unstructured":"Tilton AH. Injectable neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of spasticity and movement disorders. J Child Neurol 2003 Sep; 18: S50\u2013S66. PMID: 13677571.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11120707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.11.1357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/HSI.S11093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13903"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/18758894241296259","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/18758894241296259","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/18758894241296259","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:50:00Z","timestamp":1777589400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/18758894241296259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/18758894241296259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/18758894241296259","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-5393","1875-8894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-5393","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8894","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]}}}