{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T17:43:15Z","timestamp":1788802995690,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who have undergone lower limb surgery require rehabilitation to regain movement and function in the affected leg. Unfortunately, physical rehabilitation can be painful, reducing compliance and recovery. This feasibility study aimed to demonstrate that immersive virtual reality (IVR) applications can provide potential benefits of anxiety reduction and pain distraction for children during gait rehabilitation, increased engagement and enjoyment, and improved perceived walking quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 15 children aged 11\u201316 who required weight-bearing rehabilitation following lower limb surgery. A mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach and a multidirectional perspective (patients, parents and physiotherapists) were adopted to measure. Changes in anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7) and pain (visual analogue scale) before and after the intervention were assessed. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with children, their parents, and physiotherapists, focusing on their experiences, satisfaction, perceived effectiveness, and acceptability of the IVR intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results demonstrated that IVR for rehabilitation after lower limb surgery in children (1) reduced anticipatory anxiety; (2) reduced the level of pain experienced during gait rehabilitation; (3) improved rehabilitation, such that children were walking more than expected and with better quality; (4) increased confidence; (5) made rehabilitation more enjoyable; and (6) was delivered via a system that was easy to learn and accept.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This rehabilitation IVR is the first product of its class for paediatric lower limb postoperative rehabilitation. These preliminary results will inform improvements to the system in a future multi-site study with a large calculated sample size to demonstrate its clinical effectiveness and safety in acquiring medical device markings and adoption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/18758894241313093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T11:32:43Z","timestamp":1743247963000},"page":"30-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immersive virtual reality rehabilitation after lower limb surgery in paediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ivan","family":"Phelan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Creative Industries Institute, College of Social Sciences &amp; Arts, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Carrion-Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Creative Industries Institute, College of Social Sciences &amp; Arts, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny Jayne","family":"Furness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, College of Social Sciences and Arts, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Research Centre, College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Nicolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Children's, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Dimitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Children's, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"NHS Digital [https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/]. Hospital admitted patient care activity 2021\u201322. [cited 2023 Aug 19] https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data-and-information\/publications\/statistical\/hospital-admitted-patient-care-activity\/2021-22 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002356"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2020.100884"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13756"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"NHS FundationTrust [https:\/\/www.cuh.nhs.uk\/]. Paediatric trauma and orthopaedics Children\u2019s services (Paediatrics). [cited 2023 Aug 19] https:\/\/www.cuh.nhs.uk\/our-services\/childrens-services-paediatrics\/paediatric-orthopaedics\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033233"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2019.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519837935"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02494-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518810750"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-019-0171-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215509347432"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519865537"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05696-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16214161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16217"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16394"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15473"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","article-title":"Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children","volume":"2020","author":"Lambert V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lambert V, Boylan P, Boran L, et al. Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 2020: CD010686.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irac149"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0000000000000046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002060"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-190635"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00747-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agyeman MO Al-Mahmood A. Design and implementation of a wearable device for motivating patients with upper and\/or lower limb disability via gaming and home rehabilitation. International conference on fog and mobile edge computing (FMEC) 2019 June 10\u201313 pp. 247\u2013252. Rome Italy. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FMEC.2019.8795317","DOI":"10.1109\/FMEC.2019.8795317"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2021.100562"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224819"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005603"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20160054"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2022.880447"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2019.0159"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-017-0225-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00848-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/38509"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0461-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104012371702900404"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","volume-title":"Discovering statistics using SPSS (Third)","author":"Field A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Field A. Discovering statistics using SPSS (Third). London: UK: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effect of virtual reality on preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty","volume":"73","author":"Baytar C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baytar C, Bollucuoglu K. Effect of virtual reality on preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. Braz J Anesthesiol 2023; 73: 159\u2013164.","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-020-00771-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","article-title":"Do youths with neuromotor disorder and their therapists prefer a mixed or virtual reality head-mounted display?","volume":"4","author":"Ammann-Reiffer C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ammann-Reiffer C. Do youths with neuromotor disorder and their therapists prefer a mixed or virtual reality head-mounted display? J Rehabil Med Clin Commun 2021; 4: \u20135.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med Clin Commun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155211066534"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00552-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18314\/ipcc.v2i1.1613"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00157"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/18758894241313093","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/18758894241313093","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/18758894241313093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:50:07Z","timestamp":1777589407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/18758894241313093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/18758894241313093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/18758894241313093","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-5393","1875-8894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-5393","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8894","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]}}}