{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:49:52Z","timestamp":1777877392007,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rocking in a rocking chair may facilitate trunk muscle activation in children with spinal cord injury (SCI). To assess this, children with SCI and typically developing (TD) children were evaluated for increases in trunk muscle activation, muscle activation patterns, and correlation of trunk muscle activation with trunk control during rocking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven children with SCI and 10 TD children aged 1\u201312 years rocked while surface electromyography activity in arm, leg, and trunk muscles was captured. Mean muscle activity during rocking and at baseline were compared for each muscle. Temporal activation patterns of SCI and TD groups were compared using cluster analysis. Correlation of trunk control and trunk muscle activation was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significantly higher muscle activity was found during rocking versus quiet sitting for each muscle (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Cluster analysis of temporal muscle activation patterns revealed two disparate SCI groups; one SCI group's muscle activation timing was similar to the TD group. Correlation analysis indicated greater trunk muscle activation in lower trunk muscles for participants with better trunk control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rocking activates the neuromuscular system and is feasible for children with trunk impairment due to SCI, suggesting its potential as a home-based activity for extending practice beyond the clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/18758894251319126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T11:32:43Z","timestamp":1743247963000},"page":"61-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rocking in a rocking chair activates trunk muscles in children with spinal cord injury and impaired trunk control"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Johnathan J","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea L","family":"Behrman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Kosair for Kids Center for Pediatric NeuroRecovery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Ugiliweneza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"},{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Thomas J","family":"Roussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04440.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1902-96"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04411.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199003000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1902-142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17518423.2018.1475429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.07.400"},{"issue":"804622","key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","article-title":"Case report: capitalizing on development and activity-dependent plasticity, an interaction with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Goode-Roberts M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goode-Roberts M, Noonan K, Stout D, et al. Case report: capitalizing on development and activity-dependent plasticity, an interaction with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury. Front Pediatr 2022; 10.804622. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.804622","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-020-0261-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George JJ Behrman AL Roussel TJ. Development of a rocking chair for use by children with spinal cord injuries. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. 2024(Epub ahead of print). doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17483107.2024.2310268","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2024.2310268"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"Kirshblum S Snider B Rupp R et al. Updates of the international standards for neurologic classification of spinal cord injury: 2015 and 2019. 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