{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:16:57Z","timestamp":1777706217814,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Project of SGCC","award":["4000-202355454A-3-2-ZN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000-202355454A-3-2-ZN"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To avoid the waste of resources and improve the stability of generating power of early wind turbines. Aiming at the immature technical level of early wind turbine generators(WTGs), this paper proposes an adaptive PI control strategy for WTGs with variable pitch considering tower load shedding. First, to improve the adaptability of the pitch PI controller to different capacity units, the rotational inertia deviation normalization is used to realize the rotational inertia deviation auto-tuning. Second, to enhance the nonlinear compensation of wind turbine blades, the pitch gain scheduling module is designed. Then, two feedback links, anti-windup and tracking mode, are added on the basis of PI controller to avoid the problems of integral saturation and speed control failure of PI controller. In addition, to reduce the impact of wind load on the tower of the wind turbine, active damping control is added before and after the tower to suppress the vibration before and after the tower.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/18758967251357634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T07:16:28Z","timestamp":1753946188000},"page":"1198-1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptive PI Optimal Pitch Control for Wind Turbines with Tower Active Damping"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Ruojin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0911-9214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang University of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2018.2823062"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Optimal tuning of PI controller using PSO optimization for indirect power control for DFIG based Wind turbine with MPPT","volume":"5","author":"Bekakra Y.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bekakra Y., Attous D. B. (2014). Optimal tuning of PI controller using PSO optimization for indirect power control for DFIG based Wind turbine with MPPT. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering & Management, 5(3), 219\u2013229.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13198-013-0150-0","journal-title":"International Journal of System Assurance Engineering & Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"1024","volume-title":"Seismic performance analysis and safety assessment of wind turbine tower systemProceedings of the 2021 7th International Conference on Hydraulic and Civil Engineering & Smart Water Conservancy and Intelligent Disaster Reduction Forum (ICHCE & SWIDR)","author":"Cao Q.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao Q. (2021). Seismic performance analysis and safety assessment of wind turbine tower system. Proceedings of the 2021 7th International Conference on Hydraulic and Civil Engineering & Smart Water Conservancy and Intelligent Disaster Reduction Forum (ICHCE & SWIDR), Nanjing, China, 6\u20138 November 2021; pp.1024\u20131030."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2010.2070808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"357","volume-title":"A wireless multifunctional monitoring system of tower body running state based on MEMS acceleration sensor2018 19th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED","author":"Dong L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dong L., Wang H., Wang G., Qiu W. (2018). A wireless multifunctional monitoring system of tower body running state based on MEMS acceleration sensor. 2018 19th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED), Santa Clara, CA, USA, pp.\u00a0357\u2013363."},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Particle swarm optimization based tuning for a small wind turbine pitch control","volume":"4","author":"Echavarri F. O.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Echavarri F. O., Zulueta E., Hernanz J. R., Guede J. L., Lesaka J. M. L. (2012). Particle swarm optimization based tuning for a small wind turbine pitch control. International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering (IJTPE), 4(13), 164\u2013170.","journal-title":"International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering (IJTPE)"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"5622","article-title":"Torque-pitch coordinated control for improving the power production of wind energy conversion system","volume":"37","author":"Feng J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feng J., Xu C., Zheng L. I., Yue-qiang L. I. (2017). Torque-pitch coordinated control for improving the power production of wind energy conversion system. Proceedings of the CSEE, 37(19), 5622\u20135632.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13334\/j.02588013.pcsee.162125","journal-title":"Proceedings of the CSEE"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Parameters tuning and optimization of Variable-gain PI controller of wind turbine based on immune genetic algorithm","volume":"36","author":"Gao F.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao F., Wang W. (2016). Parameters tuning and optimization of Variable-gain PI controller of wind turbine based on immune genetic algorithm. Chinese Society for Power Engineering, 36, 22\u201329.","journal-title":"Chinese Society for Power Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325008.2021.1908453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/wes-8-149-2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2014.1146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2014.2321353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.779-780.971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en17184619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15228686"},{"issue":"99","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"H-infinity state estimation for coupled stochastic complex networks with periodical communication protocol and intermittent nonlinearity switching","author":"Luo Y.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo Y., Wang Z., Chen Y., Yi X. (2021). H-infinity state estimation for coupled stochastic complex networks with periodical communication protocol and intermittent nonlinearity switching. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, PP(99), 1\u20131.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Nonlinear model identification and PI control of wind turbine using neural network adaptive frame wavelets","volume":"10","author":"Mostafa S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mostafa S., Alireza R. (2016). Nonlinear model identification and PI control of wind turbine using neural network adaptive frame wavelets. Journal of Wavelet Theory and Applications, 10(2), 131\u2013146.","journal-title":"Journal of Wavelet Theory and Applications"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/joe.2017.0680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-018-3190-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31307-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","volume-title":"The Adaptive PlD Controlling Using Algorithm Advantage Actor Critic Asynchronous Learning Method","author":"Sun Q.","unstructured":"Sun Q., Ren H., Duan Y., Yan Y. (2019-10-24). The Adaptive PlD Controlling Using Algorithm Advantage Actor Critic Asynchronous Learning Method. Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.608-609.494","article-title":"Comparison of the frequency control strategy of wind turbines and its optimization scheme","volume":"608","author":"Tian X. S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tian X. S., Huang Y. H., Xu X. Y., Wang W. S. (2012). Comparison of the frequency control strategy of wind turbines and its optimization scheme. Advanced Materials Research, 608, 494\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.608-609.494","journal-title":"Advanced Materials Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Structural load inversion and state analysis of floating wind turbine tower based on joint input-state estimation","volume":"19","author":"Wang C.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang C., Cui M., Zhou N., Chen P., Cheng Z. (2024). Structural load inversion and state analysis of floating wind turbine tower based on joint input-state estimation. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 19(4), 167\u2013175.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Ship Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13226086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15093091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Development of active tower damping control on wind turbines","volume":"36","author":"Ying Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ying Y., Zhu C., Yang F., Xu G. D. (2015). Development of active tower damping control on wind turbines. Acta Energy. Sol. Sin, 36, 54\u201360.","journal-title":"Acta Energy. Sol. Sin"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/18758967251357634","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/18758967251357634","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/18758967251357634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:46:20Z","timestamp":1777455980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/18758967251357634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/18758967251357634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/18758967251357634","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-1246","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]}}}