{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:07:12Z","timestamp":1777381632040,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    \n                    \n                    Dementia, especially Alzheimer\u2019s disease, is increasing due to population ageing and is projected to nearly triple by 2050. Understanding and identifying common behaviours such as apathy, depression, and wandering can enable caregivers and medical professionals to enhance the quality of care for patients and implement appropriate interventions to mitigate cognitive decline. This paper analyses localization data collected from patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease residing in a healthcare facility. In particular, metrics and behavioural indices are computed to classify the behaviour of individuals. The proposed method was initially applied to the localization data of seven residents, each exhibiting distinct behaviours. Subsequently, validation was conducted using data from 46 patients monitored over three months. Classification results were compared with the observations made by healthcare operators and physicians. The study demonstrated a high level of accuracy in classifying patients into different behavioural domains, such as wandering and depressed\u2013apathetic, with 42 out of 46 cases correctly classified.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/18761364241306100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:30:47Z","timestamp":1739925047000},"page":"123-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Classifying Alzheimer\u2019s wandering and apathetic behaviours using indoor and outdoor localization data"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9554-8815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Comai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Masciadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Salice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181629943"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01939450122045159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860701366434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3356348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A GPS-based framework for understanding outdoor mobility patterns of older adults with dementia: An exploratory study","volume":"68","author":"Bayat S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bayat S, Naglie G, Rapoport M, et al. (2021) A GPS-based framework for understanding outdoor mobility patterns of older adults with dementia: An exploratory study. Geron 68: 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Geron"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062147"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"1598","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"19","author":"Better MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Better MA (2023) Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia 19(4): 1598\u20131695.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","volume-title":"Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia","author":"Cloak N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cloak N, Al Khalili Y (2021) Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia. 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In: 2012 12th international conference on control automation robotics & vision (ICARCV) Guangzhou China 5\u20137 December 2012 pp.672\u2013677. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARCV.2012.6485238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/31.5.666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masciadri A Carlini I Comai S et al. (2018) Supporting Alzheimer\u2019s residential care \u2013 a novel indoor localization system. In: Proceedings of the 15th international joint conference on e-business and telecommunications \u2013 ICETE INSTICC \u00a0Porto Portugal pp.272\u2013278. SciTePress.","DOI":"10.5220\/0006859502720278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19173658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendoza MB Bergado CA De Castro JLB et al. (2017) Tracking system for patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease in a nursing home. 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