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However, PD-specific concepts for the prevention of cognitive decline are rarely incorporated into routine care. Here, we provide key data on cognitive impairment in PwPD and a framework for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in this context. The importance of cognitive reserve as a protective buffer for cognitive decline in PwPD is highlighted. Relevant lifestyle and health-related factors, including cognitive aspects, physical and social activity, diet, hearing loss, and cardiovascular factors, are discussed. Evidence on the efficacy of possible cognition-enhancing interventions in PwPD\u2014pharmacological, cognitive, physical, nutritional, and multidomain interventions\u2014is summarized. On this basis, and the recommendations of the European Task Force for Brain Health Services, a proposal is developed outlining options for preventing cognitive impairment in PwPD that could be implemented in routine care, as well as further developments needed to achieve a best-case scenario. The main pillars of a strategic agenda for this purpose include: (i) regular assessment of cognitive state, overall risk, and risk factors for cognitive decline; (ii) risk communication and education concerning modifiable risk factors with standardized procedures; (iii) risk reduction with multi-domain interventions for secondary prevention; and (iv) cognitive enhancement with cognitive and physical training for tertiary prevention. As the proposal makes clear, the prevention of cognitive impairment in PwPD requires interdisciplinary collaboration organized throughout PD care networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1877718x251365769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T18:22:32Z","timestamp":1759342952000},"page":"1353-1366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia in people with Parkinson's disease: A call-to-action"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Elke","family":"Kalbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies &amp; Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Warnecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Networks Germany e.V., Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Klinikum Osnabr\u00fcck \u2013 Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of M\u00fcnster, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Eggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson Networks Germany e.V., Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Knappschaft Kliniken Bottrop GmbH, Bottrop, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5858-7762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Ophey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies &amp; Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2168-140X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann-Kristin","family":"Folkerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies &amp; Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02522-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","article-title":"Profiling people with Parkinson's disease at risk of cognitive decline: insights from PPMI and ICICLE-PD data","volume":"16","author":"Pourzinal D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pourzinal D, Lawson RA, Yarnall AJ, et al. 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