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However, its long-term impact on functional autonomy and quality of life (QoL) remains debated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of STN-DBS on autonomy and QoL in people with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies including adults with PD treated with STN-DBS and reporting measures of autonomy and\/or quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-two studies met inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses showed effect estimates favoring DBS at 6 months (SMD = 0.83[0.38;1.29]) and at 1 year (SMD = 0.49[-0.02;0.99]) for autonomy. Similar trends were observed for QoL, with SMD = 0.60[0.49;0.71] at 6 months and SMD = 0.48[0.0;0.96] at 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>At 2 years, small but significant pooled effects persisted, for both autonomy SMD = 0.40[0.13;0.67] and QoL SMD = 0.25[-0.04;0.53]. However, at 5 years, pooled effects were no longer statistically significant for either autonomy SMD = 0.37[-0.55;1.29] or QoL SMD = \u22120.01[-0.25;0.22], indicating a progressive attenuation of benefit over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>STN-DBS provides robust short- and mid-term benefits in functional autonomy and QoL in PD. Long-term outcomes are variable and influenced by disease progression and non-motor symptoms. Standardized outcome reporting, larger multicenter trials, and integration of rehabilitative and psychosocial interventions are needed to optimize benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1877718x261461967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:38:11Z","timestamp":1789997891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of deep brain stimulation on functional autonomy and quality of life in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Culicetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"De Cola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Pia","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Marafioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Lo Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Maria Sophia","family":"Cusumano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Sorbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Quartarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252807.38124.a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30355-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30295-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.09.515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(02)00097-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.3.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5551796"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.293151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"375","article-title":"Quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Opara JA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Opara JA, Brola W, Leonardi M, et al. 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