{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:20:26Z","timestamp":1787167226438,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD) is an emerging topic in otolaryngology, gastroenterology, and primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the current literature about the etiology, clinical presentation, and management of retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three investigators conducted the PubMED, Scopus, and Cochrane Library review of the literature related to the etiologies and management of patients with R-CPD through the PRISMA statements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies that incorporated R-CPD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In-office, or operating room botulinum toxin injection, or no treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Etiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria (826 patients). A family history was reported in 28.0% of cases with most patients developing R-CDP symptoms in childhood (55.5%). In addition to the cardinal symptom of the inability to belch, associated complaints of bloating and chest pain, gurgling noises, and excessive flatulence were found in 95.7%, 86%, and 80.2% of cases, respectively.The diagnosis was recognized by patients themselves in 78.9% of cases. The immediate success rate of botulinum toxin injection into the cricopharyngeal sphincter in facilitating burping was 92.5%. Recurrence occurred in the first month of follow-up in 9.5% of cases, whereas 12.6% and 27.9% of patients had recurrence during the 1\u20135\u2009months and more than 6\u2009months posttreatment, respectively. Transient dysphagia is the most prevalent complication after botulinum toxin injection (31.1%). The heterogeneity was high across studies, limiting the establishment of further combined analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>R-CPD is a recently-recognized and likely-underdiagnosed condition associated with severe symptoms affecting the quality of life of patients. Future studies are needed to elucidate the etiology of this condition, develop adequate patient-reported outcome questionnaires for the baseline and follow-up evaluations of symptoms, and propose therapeutic consensus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19160216251329012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T05:38:09Z","timestamp":1748065089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Management of Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan Hospital, Paris, France"},{"name":"Phonetics and Phonology Lab, CNRS UMR7018, Sorbonne University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Mailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee M.","family":"Akst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13020413"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90445-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90822-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2001.02333.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2473974X19834553"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08619-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2473974X20938342"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"A Frame- work to Facilitate the Use of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in the Design of Primary Research Studies","author":"Thompson M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thompson M, Tiwari A, Fu R, Moe E, Buckley DI. 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