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However, the most effective intraoperative interventions to mitigate this risk remain uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the efficacy of parathyroid gland autotransplantation (PTA), near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in reducing postoperative hypocalcemia risk after TT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, utilizing data from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, with searches conducted through February 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing TT with or without intraoperative interventions of PTA, NIRAF, ICGA, or a combined approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PTA, NIRAF, ICGA, or a combination of these methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence of postoperative transient and permanent hypocalcemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From 582 identified records, 32 studies, including 13,299 TT patients (6386 with benign and 6913 with malignant conditions), met the inclusion criteria. PTA was associated with a higher incidence of transient postoperative hypocalcemia (OR\u2009=\u20091.98; 95% CI: 1.42-2.77;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200984%). Conversely, NIRAF (OR\u2009=\u20090.45; 95% CI: 0.35-0.57;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%) and ICGA (OR\u2009=\u20090.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.69;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%) showed reduced incidences of transient hypocalcemia. The combined NIRAF and ICGA approach, evaluated in 2 studies, yielded inconclusive results (OR\u2009=\u20090.62; 95% CI: 0.28-1.37).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraoperative use of NIRAF and ICGA significantly decreased the incidence of transient hypocalcemia following TT, whereas PTA did not demonstrate similar efficacy. Minimal effects on permanent hypocalcemia were observed across interventions. Further research is necessary to clarify the effectiveness of the combined NIRAF and ICGA approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19160216251333355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T02:33:32Z","timestamp":1745634812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Intraoperative Interventions on Hypocalcemia Post-Total Thyroidectomy: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Hao-Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Hsin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao Huai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Hygiene and Healthcare, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2996-4922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Tsang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital and Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingchih","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Management, Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-6753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ru-Yung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Management, Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyh-Dye","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Geriatric Center, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3635-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeng-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital and Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Management, Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Education and Research, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.4.389"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"144","article-title":"Identification of patients at high risk for hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy","volume":"31","author":"Tredici P","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tredici P, Grosso E, Gibelli B, Massaro MA, Arrigoni C, Tradati N. 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