{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:09:28Z","timestamp":1788545368581,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["2022YFC2703602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2703602"]}]},{"name":"the Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Shandong Province","award":["No. 202307010345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 202307010345"]}]},{"name":"the Horizontal Project of Shandong University","award":["6010420001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6010420001"]}]},{"name":"the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong ProvinceYouth Scholar Program","award":["No. tsqn202211357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. tsqn202211357"]}]},{"name":"the Major Fundamental Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["ZR2021ZD40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021ZD40"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 82271172, 82071053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82271172, 82071053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 82192861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82192861"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study whether the ability to detect frequency changes or temporal gaps at the early phase postactivation can predict speech perception performance at the late phase postactivation in postlingually deafened cochlear implant (CI) users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychophysical tests and event-related potential (ERP) tests were conducted at the third-month postactivation (early phase postactivation, T1) and after 1-year postactivation (late phase postactivation, T2) in 27 postlingually deafened CI users. CI hearing thresholds and speech perception performance were measured at T1 and T2. The frequency change detection threshold (FCDT) and gap detection threshold (GDT) were obtained through psychophysical tests. The evoked threshold, amplitude, and latency of auditory change complex response, evoked by frequency change or temporal gap stimuli, were investigated using ERP tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with T1, speech perception performance was significantly better at T2, but there was no significant difference in the psychophysical or ERP test results. Speech perception performance at T2 could be predicted by GDT at T1, but not by FCDT or ERP indicators at T1. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that the GDT at T1 may be moderately accurate in discriminating between good and poor speech perception groups at T2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to early phase postactivation, CI users\u2019 ability to detect frequency changes or temporal gaps did not change significantly at the late phase postactivation, but speech perception performance improved significantly. The early GDT can predict later speech perception performance of CI users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>III.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19160216251333356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T03:04:27Z","timestamp":1745377467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early Gap Detection Threshold Predicts Late Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Users"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9078-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dianzhao","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deafness and Vertigo Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deafness and Vertigo Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhua","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deafness and Vertigo Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deafness and Vertigo Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaomin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deafness and Vertigo Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deafness and Vertigo Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deafness and Vertigo Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 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