{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:35:40Z","timestamp":1790130940235,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is rare in patients \u226440\u2009years, and their risk factors, presentation, and outcomes may differ from older patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the epidemiology, risk factors, and oncologic outcomes of young patients (\u226440\u2009years) with OCSCC compared to those &gt;40\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine Canadian institutions from 2005 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 4506 adults with OCSCC, of whom 205 (4.55%) were young and 4301 were older than 40.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions or Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), comparing young and older patients. The identification of risk factors for OCSCC development in young patients was a secondary outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OS, DFS, and risk factor identification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oral tongue cancer was the most common subsite (48.9%), with a significantly higher proportion of cases in young patients (73.4% vs 47.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Young patients were more likely to present at an earlier clinical stage (T1: 44% young vs 31% old,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01) and were less likely to smoke (57% young vs 31% old,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01) or consume alcohol (72% young vs 58% old,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Multivariable analysis showed that smoking status, previous head and neck cancer, and advanced stage were significantly associated with decreased OS and DFS (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). No significant differences were found in local (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.61), regional (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.67), or distant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.50) disease failure between age groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young patients with OCSCC were less likely to smoke or drink and presented at earlier stages, but they did not experience improved OS or DFS compared to older patients. These findings emphasize the need for further research into biological differences in OCSCC between young and older patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19160216251351562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T15:45:01Z","timestamp":1755877501000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Young Patients: A Multi-Institutional Study of the Canadian Head &amp; Neck Collaborative Research Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra E.","family":"Quimby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorsa","family":"Mavedatnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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