{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:52:20Z","timestamp":1777877540266,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A predictive formula for pediatric nasopharyngeal depth (ND) could tailor nasopharyngeal swabbing technique to individual anatomy and reduce the incidence of false negatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide a formula predicting ND based on surface anatomy measurements in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective pilot study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic (Canada) between June 2022 to May 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children receiving flexible nasal endoscopy at a tertiary otolaryngology clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention and Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Predictor variables collected were sex, age, height, weight, curved nasal ala-tragus distance, finger lengths, and history of adenoidectomy. The outcome variable of ND was measured from the nasal nares to the posterior nasopharyngeal wall during routine nasal endoscopy. Relationships between predictor and outcome variables were analyzed. A predictive formula for ND was generated using stepwise linear regression, formula simplification, and model validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-three pediatric patients were included (67% male, average age 6.4\u2009years, range 3\u2009weeks-18\u2009years). ND differed by age: average ND for age &lt;2 was 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009cm, ages 2 to 10 was 7.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009cm, and ages &gt;10 was 9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009cm. Stepwise linear regression resulted in the formula: ND (cm)\u2009=\u2009\u2154 (pinky length)\u2009+\u2009\u2153 (ala-tragus distance)\u2009+\u20091 (if history of adenoidectomy)\u2009+\u20091.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      was .78 with an average error of estimation \u00b10.81\u2009cm.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric ND varies with age and surface anatomy dimensions. ND can be predicted in children using simple bedside measurements of pinky length, curved ala-tragus distance, and history of adenoidectomy using the equation ND (cm)\u2009=\u2009\u2154 (pinky length)\u2009+\u2009\u2153 (ala-tragus distance)\u2009+\u20091 (if history of adenoidectomy)\u2009+\u20091.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Future studies are required to further validate the proposed predictive formula to ultimately improve accuracy in procedures involving blind instrumentation of the nasal cavity, such as nasopharyngeal swabs and posterior nasal packing.<\/jats:p>\n                  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