{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:45:37Z","timestamp":1782449137880,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the olfactory clefts of patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an emerging treatment. To date, no study investigated the effectiveness of multiple PRP injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of multiple injections of PRP in the olfactory clefts of patients with OD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective controlled study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monocentric medical center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with long-lasting OD treated with PRP injections and controls who underwent olfactory training with multiple psychophysical olfactory assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two PRP injections into the olfactory clefts at 4- to 6-month intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcomes included adverse events, dose-effect relationships, and olfactory function changes measured by threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) testing with minimal clinically important difference (MCID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-three subjects completed the evaluations. Patients had anosmia (n\u2009=\u200939), hyposmia (n\u2009=\u200927), and parosmia (n\u2009=\u200917). The mean duration of OD was 49.1\u2009\u00b1\u200946.9\u2009months. Seventy-seven patients received 2 injections. Transient epistaxis was the primary adverse event (46.2%). The mean injected PRP volume ranged from 1.4 to 1.7\u2009mL. TDI significantly increased after both first and second injections across all OD subgroups. MCID was achieved in 49.4% after a first injection and 28.9% after a second. MCID was reached in 63 cases (75.9%) from baseline to final evaluation. Baseline TDI strongly predicted post-second injection TDI (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.919;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001), but the first PRP response didn\u2019t significantly predict second response (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.201;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.069). TDI did not significantly change in the control groups. MCID was achieved in 22.2% and 40% controls at the first and second TDI evaluations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two injections of PRP demonstrate significant improvement in psychophysical olfactory evaluations. Future studies are needed to determine the optimal number of injections and identify predictors of therapeutic effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19160216251410582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T09:10:51Z","timestamp":1782205851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Multiple Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Olfactory Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Elsan Hospital, Poitiers, France"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Saussez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin23.168"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07788-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23363"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1358"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.357"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0173-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24999"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-022-00598-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06810-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1149"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613221124773"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613241291710"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03603-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04736-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002677"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08816-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000224526.43698.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2024.111357"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-5-1251"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.460"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030782"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19160216251328960"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29948"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19160216251351566"}],"container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; 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