{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:58:08Z","timestamp":1790931488186,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a prevalent inflammatory disease that significantly impairs quality of life (QOL) and imposes a substantial economic burden. Socioeconomic and demographic factors influence access to care, treatment adherence, and outcomes, yet their impact on response to biologic therapy remains poorly defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the impact of socioeconomic and demographic determinants on symptom severity and QOL before and after monoclonal antibody therapy for CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exploratory retrospective cohort study with prospective socioeconomic and demographic data curation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary medical center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with recalcitrant CRSwNP from January 2020 to January 2024 who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery and completed a 16-week regimen of monoclonal antibody therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention or Exposures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary exposures evaluated were socioeconomic status (SES; including household income) and demographic determinants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline and post-treatment (16\u2009weeks) follow-up of 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Meltzer grading evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty patients (21 males and 19 females; mean age 50.4\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1) were included. The mean baseline SNOT-22 score was 69.0\u2009\u00b1\u200915.8, and the median Meltzer score was 3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2-3.75). At 16-week follow-up, these scores improved to 33.8\u2009\u00b1\u200920.5 and 1 (IQR: 0-2), respectively. Low-income patients (&lt;40\u2009000 United States Dollar [USD] yearly) had worse baseline SNOT-22 scores compared to medium (40\u2009001-80\u2009000 USD yearly) and high-income patients (&gt;80\u2009000 USD yearly; 79.4 vs 68.6 vs 57.1, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01) but showed the largest absolute point reduction (\u0394SNOT-22, 47.8 vs 34.7 vs 20.8, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01). Low-income patients showed the largest absolute improvement after biologic treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01); however, covariate adjustment for baseline scores showed similar proportional effects across all income tiers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with lower incomes exhibited higher baseline disease severity. However, biologic treatment yielded meaningful absolute improvement in QOL across all SES tiers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognizing socioeconomic factors may help optimize biologic therapy in CRS. Future multi-center research is needed to validate these disparities and optimize intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19160216261488826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:44:16Z","timestamp":1790757856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socioeconomic and Demographic Influences on Biologic Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3768-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameen","family":"Biadsee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3715-1120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firas","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9316-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itamar","family":"Shenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 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