{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:51:21Z","timestamp":1782514281343,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Academic Forensic Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a noncaseating granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The incidence is 11 per 100 000 white individuals and 34 per 100 000 black individuals. Cardiac involvement is seen in 2% to 5% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis and is often clinically undetected. This may be due to relative rarity of cardiac involvement, variability in presentation, or that there are no good clinical criteria for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Patients may be totally asymptomatic or have heart block, myocardial infarctions, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death, which may be due to involvement of the conduction system by sarcoidosis. We present a case of a 54-year-old black male with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Prior to his death, he was witnessed to suddenly stand up, grab his chest, and collapse. His clinical cause of death was hypertensive and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A retrospective review of autopsy cases over the last 23 years (1995-2018) at our institution (n = 6900) was undertaken. This case illustrates a rare disease and highlights the importance of complete autopsy even in patients who might otherwise be signed out as an external exam or records review only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1925362119851242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T07:36:10Z","timestamp":1567755370000},"page":"97-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Case of Previously Unsuspected Cardiac Sarcoidosis Diagnosed at Autopsy and 23-Year Review of One Institution\u2019s Sarcoidosis Deaths"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Catherine R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Boor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald A.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1925362119851242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reich JM. 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Palpitations as a presenting feature of multisystem sarcoidosis. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2017 Jul 13; 7(3):190\u20133. PMID: 28808515. PMCID: PMC5538218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20009666.2017.1333879.","DOI":"10.1080\/20009666.2017.1333879"},{"key":"bibr5-1925362119851242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birnie DH, Sauer WH, Bogun F, et al. HRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis. Heart Rhythm. 2014 Jul; 11(7):1305\u201323. PMID: 24819193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.03.043.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.03.043"},{"key":"bibr6-1925362119851242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen ES, Moller DR. Clinical immunology principles and practice. 5th ed. New York: Elsevier; c2019. Chapter 73, Sarcoidosis; p. 981\u201392.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-6896-6.00073-9"},{"key":"bibr7-1925362119851242","unstructured":"American College of Cardiology [Internet]. Washington: American College of Cardiology; c2019. Sauer WH. Cardiac sarcoidosis and sudden death risk: what is the \u201dconsensus\u201d regarding the approach to management, diagnosis, and treatment? 2015 Mar 26 [cited 2019 Feb 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.acc.org\/latest-in-cardiology\/articles\/2015\/03\/26\/07\/57\/cardiac-sarcoidosis-and-sudden-death-risk."},{"key":"bibr8-1925362119851242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jotterand M, Grabherr S, Lobrinus JA, Michaud K. Sudden cardiac death and sarcoidosis of the heart in a young patient. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2017 May - Jun; 28:18\u201320. PMID: 28282543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carpath.2017.01.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2017.01.003"},{"key":"bibr9-1925362119851242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS. Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 22; 357(21):2153\u201365. PMID: 18032765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra071714.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071714"},{"key":"bibr10-1925362119851242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerke AK. Morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2014 Sep; 20(5):472\u20138. PMID: 25029298. PMCID: PMC4326053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000080.","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000080"},{"key":"bibr11-1925362119851242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirsaeidi M, Machado RF, Schraufnagel D, et al. Racial difference in sarcoidosis mortality in the United States. Chest. 2015 Feb; 147(2):438\u2013449. PMID: 25188873. PMCID: PMC4314818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-1120.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1120"},{"key":"bibr12-1925362119851242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuijpers CC, Fronczek J, van de Goot FR, et al. The value of autopsies in the era of high-tech medicine: discrepant findings persist. J Clin Pathol. 2014 Jun;67(6):512\u20139. 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