{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:37:28Z","timestamp":1777556248381,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pen injection format, typically used for insulin administration, has been adapted for the injectable, noninsulin diabetes therapy pramlintide. Administered before major meals, pramlintide therapy requires two to four injections\/day in addition to the patients' usual insulin injections. The dose accuracy and injection force was determined for the 60 and 120 \u03bcg pramlintide pens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dose accuracy testing was conducted at two sites on multiple 60 \u03bcg (15, 30, and 60 \u03bcg doses) and 120 \u03bcg pens (60 and 120 \u03bcg doses) at prespecified temperatures (5\u201340 \u00b0C) and humidities (0\u201375%) using 29 G half-inch needles. All pens were stabilized under testing conditions for 4 h prior to testing. One site used a compression load cell (Zwick device) to test pens; one site performed tests manually. Injection-force testing was conducted at one site on multiple 60 and 120 \u03bcg pens at multiple temperatures (18\u201328 \u00b0C) and humidities (25\u201375%) using 29 and 31 G half-inch needles and an injection speed of 150 m\/min. Injection-force testing was performed using a Zwick device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dose accuracy for all pens tested, regardless of location, reproducibly met\/exceeded acceptance criteria. Mean percentage of dose accuracy was 96.04 to 102.45% [standard deviations (SDs) 0.3 to 1.4 \u03bcg] for the 60 \u03bcg pen and 98.16 to 101.83% (SDs 0.4 to 2.5 \u03bcg) for the 120 \u03bcg pen. The average injection force across both pens did not exceed 7 N regardless of needle size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High dose accuracy and low injection force were observed for the 60 and 120 \u03bcg pens under a variety of conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]],"date-time":"2014-01-10T10:35:52Z","timestamp":1389350152000},"page":"1438-1446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dose Accuracy and Injection Force of Disposable Pens Delivering Pramlintide for the Treatment of Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Douglas","family":"Merritt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barb","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Beth","family":"DeYoung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Strobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SciComm LLC, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Lauinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.4.2.165"},{"key":"bibr2-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15209150152811261"},{"key":"bibr3-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2009.0007"},{"key":"bibr4-193229681000400618","unstructured":"Diabetes Health. Product reference guide 2010. http:\/\/www.diabeteshealth.com\/media\/pdfs\/PRG2010\/2-Insulin_Pens_Chart-Diabetes_Health_2010.pdf. Accessed July 13, 2010."},{"key":"bibr5-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2009.0178"},{"key":"bibr6-193229681000400618","volume-title":"Prescribing Information","author":"SYMLIN (pramlintide acetate) injection","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr7-193229681000400618","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. Pen-injectors for medical use\u2014Part 1: Pen-injectors\u2014requirements and test methods. ISO 11608\u20131: 2000(E). http:\/\/www.iso.org\/iso\/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=19545. Accessed September 8, 2010."},{"key":"bibr8-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.04.003"},{"key":"bibr9-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.79.1.59"},{"key":"bibr10-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.1.137"},{"key":"bibr11-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12459-5"},{"key":"bibr12-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400304"},{"key":"bibr13-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400302"},{"issue":"49","key":"bibr14-193229681000400618","first-page":"60","volume":"144","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMW Fortschr Med."},{"key":"bibr15-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2005.7.612"},{"key":"bibr16-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280404300109"},{"key":"bibr17-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2004.09.009"},{"key":"bibr18-193229681000400618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400110111022"},{"key":"bibr19-193229681000400618","unstructured":"U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. About human factors. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/MedicalDevices\/DeviceRegulationandGuidance\/PostmarketRequirements\/HumanFactors\/ucm119185.htm. Accessed February 4, 2010."}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/193229681000400618","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/193229681000400618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:14:02Z","timestamp":1777400042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/193229681000400618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/193229681000400618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/193229681000400618","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-2968","1932-2968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-2968","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-2968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}}}