{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:32:26Z","timestamp":1790296346957,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly 20% of the adults with diagnosed diabetes in the United States also have visual impairment. Many individuals in this group perform routine diabetes self-management tasks independently often using technology that was not specifically designed for use by people with visual impairment (e.g., insulin pumps and pens). Equitable care for persons with disabilities requires providing instructions in formats accessible for nonreaders. However, instructions in accessible formats, such as recordings, braille, or digital documents that are legible to screen readers, are seldom available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article includes a summary of existing guidelines for creating accessible documents. The guidelines are followed by a description of the production of accessible nonvisual instructions for use of insulin pens used in a study of dosing accuracy. The study results indicate that the instructions were used successfully by 40 persons with visual impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Instructions in accessible formats can increase access to the benefits of diabetes technology for persons with visual impairment. Recorded instructions may also be useful to sighted persons who do not read well, such as those with dyslexia, low literacy, or who use English as a second language. Finally, they may have important benefits for fully sighted people who find it easier to learn to use technology by handling the equipment while listening to instructions. Manufacturers may also benefit from marketing to an increased pool of potential users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681200600207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]],"date-time":"2014-01-10T10:35:52Z","timestamp":1389350152000},"page":"252-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Creating Low Vision and Nonvisual Instructions for Diabetes Technology: An Empirically Validated Process"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ann S.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-193229681200600207","unstructured":"Diabetes Data & Trends. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n                      http:\/\/apps.nccd.cdc.gov\/DDTSTRS\/default.aspx\n                      . Accessed September 24, 2011."},{"key":"bibr2-193229681200600207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721708329807"},{"key":"bibr3-193229681200600207","unstructured":"Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101\u2013336, 104 Stat. 327 (July 26, 2009)."},{"key":"bibr4-193229681200600207","volume-title":"Provide Multiple Means of Respresentation","author":"UDL Guidelines \u2014 Version 2.0: Principal I.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr5-193229681200600207","unstructured":"Designing More Usable Documents. The Trace Center.\n                      http:\/\/trace.wisc.edu\/world\/doc_access\/index.htm\n                      . Accessed September 24, 2011."},{"key":"bibr6-193229681200600207","volume-title":"Step 2: Creating an Accessible Word Document.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr7-193229681200600207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721709335005"},{"key":"bibr8-193229681200600207","unstructured":"Sutton J. A Guide to Making Documents Accessible to People Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired.\n                      http:\/\/www.sabeusa.org\/user_storage_govoter_ResourceClearinghouse_PDF\/A%20Guide%20to%20Making%20Documents%20Accessible%20to%20People%20Who%20are%20Blind%20or%20Visually%20Impaired.pdf\n                      . Accessed September 24, 2011."},{"key":"bibr9-193229681200600207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014572179902500504"},{"key":"bibr10-193229681200600207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2005.7.627"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr11-193229681200600207","first-page":"287","volume":"90","author":"American Foundation for the Blind.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Visual Impair Blin."},{"key":"bibr12-193229681200600207","unstructured":"That All May Read: National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS). The Library of Congress.\n                      http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/nls\/\n                      . Accessed September 24, 2011."},{"key":"bibr13-193229681200600207","unstructured":"Description Key. Described and Captioned Media Program.\n                      http:\/\/www.dcmp.org\/descriptionkey\/\n                      . Accessed September 24, 2011."},{"key":"bibr14-193229681200600207","unstructured":"Creating NIMAS files. National Center on Accessible Instructional Materials.\n                      http:\/\/aim.cast.org\/learn\/practice\/production\/creatingnimas\n                      . Accessed September 30, 2011."},{"key":"bibr15-193229681200600207","unstructured":"Where Can I Find? American Foundation for the Blind.\n                      http:\/\/afb.org\/\n                      . Accessed September 30, 2011."},{"key":"bibr16-193229681200600207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681000400303"},{"key":"bibr17-193229681200600207","unstructured":"APHont Order Form. American Printing House for the Blind, Inc.\n                      http:\/\/www.aph.org\/products\/aphont_get.html\n                      ."},{"key":"bibr18-193229681200600207","volume-title":"APH Guidelines for Print Document Design","author":"Kitchel JE","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/193229681200600207","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/193229681200600207","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:14:54Z","timestamp":1777400094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/193229681200600207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/193229681200600207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/193229681200600207","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-2968","1932-2968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-2968","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-2968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}