{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:33:57Z","timestamp":1777556037238,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Norwegian Community Pharmacy Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many pharmacy services involve laboratory testing using point-of-care (POC) instruments. Our aim was to describe the implementation of quality control of the HbA1c POC instruments and investigate the performance in internal quality control (IQC) and external quality control (EQA) for HbA1c POC instruments in Norwegian community pharmacies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two project pharmacists from each of 11 pharmacies participated in a training program covering capillary blood sampling, how to use the POC HbA1c instrument (DCA Vantage) and IQC and EQA. The pharmacies were enrolled in an EQA program for HbA1c, and their performance was compared with that of general practitioners\u2019 (GP) offices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two of 89 (2.2%) IQC measurements were outside the acceptance interval. Seven out of 11 pharmacies sent in results in EQA in all the three surveys during six months. Two pharmacies did not analyze the control material in any of the surveys, one pharmacy analyzed the control material in one of the surveys, and one pharmacy analyzed two of the surveys. Of these pharmacies, 56-100% obtained \u201cvery good\u201d evaluation for trueness and 71-100% obtained \u201cvery good\u201d evaluation for precision. The corresponding numbers for GP offices were 75-87% for trueness and 84-94% for precision. No pharmacies obtained a \u201cpoor\u201d evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Norwegian community pharmacies can perform IQC and EQA on a HbA1c POC instrument, and the performance is comparable with that of GP offices. The compliance in the EQA surveys was modest, but the duration of the study and participation in the EQA program was probably too short to implement all the new procedures for all pharmacies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818766378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T07:38:04Z","timestamp":1522913884000},"page":"753-761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quality Control of Norwegian Pharmacy HbA1c Testing: A Modest Beginning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Una","family":"\u00d8rvim S\u00f8lvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0311-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aslaug Johanne","family":"Ris\u00f8y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reidun L. S.","family":"Kjome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sverre","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1932296818766378","unstructured":"Murray R. Community pharmacy clinical services review. NHS commissioning. 2017. Available at: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/commissioning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2016\/12\/community-pharm-clncl-serv-rev.pdf. Accessed March 19, 2018."},{"key":"bibr2-1932296818766378","unstructured":"Wright D. A rapid review of evidence regarding clinical services commissioned from community pharmacies. 2016. Available at: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/commissioning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2016\/12\/rapid-evdnc-rev-dec-16.pdf. Accessed March 19, 2018."},{"key":"bibr3-1932296818766378","unstructured":"Hovland R. Farmas\u00f8yttjenester. Apokus. 2014. Available at: http:\/\/www.apotek.no\/Files\/Filer_2014\/Rapporter\/2014-05-06%20Rapport%20farmas\u00f8yttjenester.pdf. Accessed March 19, 2018."},{"key":"bibr4-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-006-9034-6"},{"key":"bibr5-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.06.022"},{"key":"bibr6-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.03.006"},{"key":"bibr7-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endonu.2016.06.002"},{"key":"bibr8-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3821\/145.4.cpj165"},{"key":"bibr9-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpp.12228"},{"key":"bibr10-1932296818766378","volume-title":"Point-of-care testing (POCT)\u2014Requirements for quality and competence","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr11-1932296818766378","volume-title":"Quality management: approaches to reducing errors at the point of care; approved guideline","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr12-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.184"},{"key":"bibr13-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.247445"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr14-1932296818766378","first-page":"185","volume":"27","author":"Shephard MDS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"bibr15-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680700100203"},{"key":"bibr16-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1104543"},{"key":"bibr17-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S324","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2009.418","volume":"47","author":"Thomas MA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"bibr18-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2011.719"},{"key":"bibr19-1932296818766378","unstructured":"Norwegian Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations. Available at: http:\/\/www.noklus.no\/en\/Home.aspx. Accessed October 13, 2017."},{"key":"bibr20-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/ijpp.18.01.0004"},{"key":"bibr21-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.725"},{"key":"bibr22-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b880"},{"key":"bibr23-1932296818766378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.210781"},{"key":"bibr24-1932296818766378","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; nd. Available at: https:\/\/www.R-project.org. Accessed October 13, 2017."},{"key":"bibr25-1932296818766378","unstructured":"Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, et al. lme4: linear mixed-effects models using \u201cEigen\u201d and S4. Available at: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/lme4\/index.html. 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