{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:49:56Z","timestamp":1790174996038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few studies have evaluated continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) not using injectable therapy. CGM is useful for investigating hypoglycemia and glycemic variability, which is associated with complications in T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A CGM substudy of Individualized treatMent aPproach for oldER patIents in a randomized trial in type 2 diabetes Mellitus (IMPERIUM)) was conducted. Patients were vulnerable (moderately ill and\/or frail) older (\u226565 years) individuals with suboptimally controlled T2DM. Strategy A comprised glucose-dependent therapies (n = 26) with a nonsulfonylurea oral antihyperglycemic medication (OAM) and a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist as the first injectable. Strategy B comprised non-glucose-dependent therapies (n = 21) with sulfonylurea as the preferred OAM and insulin glargine as the first injectable. Primary endpoints were duration and percentage of time spent with blood glucose (BG) \u226470 mg\/dL over 24 hours at week 24.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Duration and percentage of time spent with hypoglycemia at \u226470 mg\/dL were similar for Strategy A and Strategy B; glycemic control improved similarly in both arms (LSM change in HbA1c at week 24; A = \u22121.2%, B = \u22121.4%). Duration and percentage time spent with euglycemia and hyperglycemia were also similar in both arms. However, Strategy A was associated with lower within-day (21.1 \u00b1 1.2 vs 25.1 \u00b1 1.4, P = .046) and between-day (5.4 \u00b1 1.0 vs 9.1 \u00b1 1.3, P = .038) BG variability (coefficient of variance [LSM \u00b1 SE]) at week 24.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This CGM substudy in older patients with T2DM showed lower within- and between-day BG variability with glucose-dependent therapies but similar HbA1c reductions and hypoglycemia duration with glucose-independent strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818776993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T05:10:45Z","timestamp":1528780245000},"page":"1184-1191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Reduced Glucose Variability With Glucose-Dependent Versus Glucose-Independent Therapies Despite Similar Glucose Control and Hypoglycemia Rates in a Randomized, Controlled Study of Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Pratley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Hospital and Sanford Burnham Prebys Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Rosenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dallas Diabetes and Endocrine Center at Medical City, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon R.","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People, Diabetes Frail Limited, Worcestershire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Heine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Kilja\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly & Company, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia S.","family":"Brusko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lilly USA, LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lilly USA, LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Festa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly & Company, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"1st Medical Department, LK Stockerau, Nieder\u00f6sterreich, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2441"},{"key":"bibr2-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.404"},{"key":"bibr3-1932296818776993","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. 2013. Managing older people with type 2 diabetes: global guideline. http:\/\/www.idf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/IDF-Guideline-for-older-people-T2D.pdf. Accessed October 14, 2016."},{"key":"bibr4-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2534-0"},{"key":"bibr5-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12035"},{"key":"bibr6-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-S014"},{"key":"bibr7-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12514"},{"key":"bibr8-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.04.012"},{"key":"bibr9-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2014.0330"},{"key":"bibr10-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70050-0"},{"key":"bibr11-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2262"},{"key":"bibr12-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0039"},{"key":"bibr13-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.04.011"},{"key":"bibr14-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.539"},{"key":"bibr15-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0468"},{"key":"bibr16-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0600"},{"key":"bibr17-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296815581052"},{"key":"bibr18-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.06.007"},{"key":"bibr19-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13051"},{"key":"bibr20-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051"},{"key":"bibr21-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-12-200912150-00005"},{"key":"bibr22-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296816643542"},{"key":"bibr23-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.02.014"},{"key":"bibr24-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b5444"},{"key":"bibr25-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296816682031"},{"key":"bibr26-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1426"},{"key":"bibr27-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0389"},{"key":"bibr28-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4423-z"},{"key":"bibr29-1932296818776993","first-page":"1963","volume":"9","author":"Du YF","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"bibr30-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.113751"},{"key":"bibr31-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i1.17"},{"key":"bibr32-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0029"},{"key":"bibr33-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61676-1"},{"key":"bibr34-1932296818776993","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70176-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1932296818776993","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1932296818776993","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1932296818776993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:13:15Z","timestamp":1777399995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1932296818776993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1932296818776993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1932296818776993","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-2968","1932-2968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-2968","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-2968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]]}}}