{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:23:55Z","timestamp":1790360635459,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577232000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health,Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MiaoMiao (MM) is a Bluetooth transmitter, which when paired with a smart phone\/device, converts the Abbott FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system into a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Families are increasingly adopting DIY CGM solutions, but little is known about parent and child experiences with these add-on technologies. We aimed to explore experiences of families using MM-CGM including challenges faced and their advice to others who may choose to use the technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between May and July 2019, we conducted 12 semistructured interviews (in person or via video conference) with parents of children (aged \u226416\u2009years) with type 1 diabetes using MM-CGM. Interviews were audio recorded; professionally transcribed and key themes were identified through thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, parents used MM-CGM to proactively manage their child\u2019s blood glucose. In all participants, this led to a perceived decrease in frequency of hypoglycemia. Participants reported that the visibility and easy access to blood glucose readings, glucose trends, and customized alarms on parent\u2019s phones decreased their disease burden and improved their sleep quality. Common barriers to using MM-CGM included difficulty of the setting up process, connectivity issues, and lack of support from medical teams.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the potential feasibility of using a DIY CGM system like MM-CGM, which could be an empowering and cost-effective tool for enabling remote monitoring of blood glucose in real time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296819895290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T05:12:41Z","timestamp":1577250761000},"page":"844-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Exploring Parental Experiences of Using a Do-It-Yourself Solution for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7772-7756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Elbalshy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8358-881X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamish","family":"Crocket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, Sport & Human Performance, University of Waikato, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Galland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"MacKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin I.","family":"de Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Jefferies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology, Starship Children\u2019s Health, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esko","family":"Wiltshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand"},{"name":"Paediatrics and Child Health, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand"},{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macaulay GC, Boucher SE, Yogarajah A, Galland BC, Wheeler BJ. Sleep and night-time caregiving in parents of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus\u2013a qualitative study [published online ahead of print 1 August 2019]. Behav Sleep Med. 2019:1-15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2019.1647207","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2019.1647207"},{"key":"bibr2-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401"},{"key":"bibr3-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052187"},{"key":"bibr4-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)80085-Z"},{"key":"bibr5-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12698"},{"key":"bibr6-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.117219"},{"key":"bibr7-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2014.898303"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr8-1932296819895290","first-page":"186","volume":"29","author":"Leiter LA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"bibr9-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014770"},{"key":"bibr10-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721718812484"},{"key":"bibr11-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70352-4"},{"key":"bibr12-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2010.00650.x"},{"key":"bibr13-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0938"},{"key":"bibr14-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0846"},{"key":"bibr15-1932296819895290","unstructured":"Abbott to hike production of lower-cost glucose monitors as diabetes soars. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-abbott-diabetes\/abbott-to-hike-production-of-lower-cost-glucose-monitors-as-diabetes-soars-idUSKCN1UB0Z3. Accessed September 11, 2019."},{"key":"bibr16-1932296819895290","unstructured":"MiaoMiao, Freestyle Libre Reader. Continuous glucose readings every 5 minutes straight to your device. 2019. https:\/\/miaomiao.cool\/. Accessed August 26, 2019."},{"key":"bibr17-1932296819895290","unstructured":"How to use MiaoMiao with Glimp? https:\/\/miaomiao.cool\/pages\/how-to-use-miaomiao-with-glimp. Accessed September 11, 2019."},{"key":"bibr18-1932296819895290","unstructured":"The smarter way to get a CGM for diabetics! http:\/\/tomato.cool\/. Accessed September 11, 2019."},{"key":"bibr19-1932296819895290","unstructured":"Get the most out of your CGM transmitter. 2019. https:\/\/spike-app.com\/. Accessed August 26, 2019."},{"key":"bibr20-1932296819895290","unstructured":"The #Wearenotwaiting diabetes DIY movement. 2019. https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/diabetesmine\/innovation\/we-are-not-waiting#9. Accessed October 2019."},{"key":"bibr21-1932296819895290","unstructured":"Professor Claire Bradley, Licensed by Health Psychology Research Ltd. Diabetes treatment satisfaction questionnaire. 2015. https:\/\/www.healthpsychologyresearch.com\/find-a-questionnaire?search_api_views_fulltext=DTSQ. Accessed August 26, 2019."},{"key":"bibr22-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315149783"},{"key":"bibr23-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13561"},{"key":"bibr24-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0239-1"},{"key":"bibr25-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1855"},{"key":"bibr26-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2708-9"},{"key":"bibr27-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19975"},{"key":"bibr28-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3805"},{"key":"bibr29-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681300700324"},{"key":"bibr30-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0034"},{"key":"bibr31-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-019-00679-y"},{"key":"bibr32-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain T, Akle M, Nagelkerke N, Deeb A. Comparative study on treatment satisfaction and health perception in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus on multiple daily injection of insulin, insulin pump and sensor-augmented pump therapy [published online ahead of print 23 February 2017]. SAGE Open Med. 2017;5:2050312117694938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2050312117694938.","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312117694938"},{"key":"bibr33-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.050"},{"key":"bibr34-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03368.x"},{"key":"bibr35-1932296819895290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.01.018"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1932296819895290","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1932296819895290","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1932296819895290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:14:25Z","timestamp":1777400065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1932296819895290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1932296819895290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1932296819895290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-2968","1932-2968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-2968","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-2968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]]}}}