{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:42:04Z","timestamp":1777556524190,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Financial Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Financial Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001179","name":"Iacocca Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Mary K. Iacocca Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mary K. Iacocca Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001179","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>School-aged children often participate in type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-care tasks. Despite widespread discussion about the importance of developing self-care skills in childhood, few explain how the health care team should assess the skills of children with T1D when performing insulin injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to assess content validity evidence in two checklists regarding injection technique performed by children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two checklists were designed based on a systematic review of the insulin injection technique. Experts in pediatric diabetes, health literacy, and diabetes education assessed the checklists regarding their clarity, objectivity, and relevance. Content validity was assessed using the content validity ratio (CVR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven providers (72% nurses or physicians, professional experience 19.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910.1\u2009years, 45% of specialists in endocrinology, and 18% in pediatrics) participated in the assessment. Experts considered items containing the word homogeneity inappropriate. Items related to the needle insertion angle and the skin fold did not reach the CVR critical value. The final version of the checklist for syringe injection comprised 22 items with CVR\u2009=\u20090.91, and the checklist for pen injection comprised 18 items with CVR\u2009=\u20090.87.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The checklists presented clear, objective, and relevant content that assesses the skills of children with T1D for insulin injection. The checklists formally present the order of the technique and all the steps for insulin injection and allow a quantitative assessment of the operational skills of children. The developed instruments offer providers the possibility of continuous assessment of the progress of the pediatric clientele until they reach independence in diabetes self-care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296820984771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T19:58:42Z","timestamp":1610567922000},"page":"742-750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Checklists for Assessing Skills of Children With Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Injection Technique"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6084-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ortiz La Banca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Clinical, Behavioral and Outcomes Research, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3746-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Rebustini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontology, College of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willyane A.","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario Santo Agostinho, Teresina, PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia C.","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayara","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paulista School of Nursing, Federal University of Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Milaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Clinical, Behavioral and Outcomes Research, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7900-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucila C.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1932296820984771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401"},{"key":"bibr2-1932296820984771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e3181fc6093"},{"key":"bibr3-1932296820984771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13818"},{"key":"bibr4-1932296820984771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.11-1-28"},{"key":"bibr5-1932296820984771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-017-0242-y"},{"key":"bibr6-1932296820984771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2009.18.18.44550"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr7-1932296820984771","first-page":"e20170034","volume":"21","author":"Okido ACC","year":"2017","journal-title":"Escola Anna Nery"},{"key":"bibr8-1932296820984771","unstructured":"American Association of Diabetes Educators. 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