{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:56:41Z","timestamp":1792000601676,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Insulcloud, Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied a smart insulin pen cap that can be plugged to several brand of insulin pens, to track insulin administration via smart-phone Bluetooth technology, with alarm\/reminder system aiming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot randomized, cross-over design study assessed the use of a smart insulin pen cap in improving adherence, glycemic control and patient satisfaction in insulin-treated patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Eighty patients on basal insulin\u2009\u00b1\u2009oral agents with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) between 7.0% and 12.0% were randomized to a 12-week active phase receiving alarms\/reminders and a 12-week control\/masked phase without feedback. We assessed differences between groups on treatment adherence, insulin omission, and mistiming of insulin injections, HbA1c, treatment satisfaction (using Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire Status).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the control\/masked phase, the active phase resulted in lower mean daily blood glucose (147.0\u2009\u00b1\u200934 vs 157.6\u2009\u00b1\u200942\u2009mg\/dL, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.01); and greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline (\u22120.98% vs \u22120.72%, P\u2009=\u2009.006); however, no significant differences in treatment adherence, insulin omission or insulin mistiming were observed. High patient satisfaction scores were reported in both active and control phases, with DTSQc of 15.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7 and 14.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6, respectively. Statistical models showed no residual effect after cross-over between active and control phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this pilot study indicates that this smart insulin pen cap was effective in improving glycemic control with overall good satisfaction in insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Future studies are needed to confirm its potential for improving care in insulin treated patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968211033837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T02:26:56Z","timestamp":1627007216000},"page":"201-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Efficacy of a Smart Insulin Pen Cap for the Management of Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9295-3225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo J.","family":"Galindo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clementina","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1295-1754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saumeth","family":"Cardona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyathama","family":"Vellanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6150-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omolade","family":"Oladejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Albury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Dhruv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3252-5026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo E.","family":"Umpierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-19322968211033837","unstructured":"CDC. 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