{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:44:17Z","timestamp":1777556657523,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sharps waste, especially medical sharps waste, can put those who come into contact with it at risk for injury and exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Options for self-injectors to dispose of their sharps while traveling vary greatly \u2013 from sharps containers in limited locations in some public restrooms to large kiosks centrally located to no containers at all. Currently, there is a lack of published data on sharps disposal bins in commercial airports. We surveyed commercial airports in California to assess the current state of sharps waste disposal. Many people with diabetes routinely use sharps every day for injecting medications or for self-monitoring glucose concentrations and these people, along with others who self-inject medications, must have a safe mechanism for sharps disposal when travelling by air.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A five-question survey was sent to 30 commercial airports in California. Responses were collected and then analyzed based on the following three metrics: (1) the percentage of airports that responded and indicated that they had any sharps disposal bins, (2) the percentage of airports that responded and indicated that they had sharps disposal bins in over half their restrooms, and (3) the average percentage of bathrooms that have available sharps disposal bins in airports that responded to our survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 30 commercial airports in California, we received survey responses from 13 airport representatives and direct email responses from 5 airport representatives. Out of 18 total responses, 11 airports (61.1%) reported that they had some form of available sharps disposal options. Out of the 13 survey responses, 6 airports (46.2%) reported that they had sharps disposal in over 50% of their restrooms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a lack of consistency in sharps waste disposal options among commercial airports in California. While many commercial airports in California offer sharps waste disposal options, not all commercial airports have sharps waste disposal options in all their public restrooms. There is room for improved availability of sharps disposal bins in California\u2019s commercial airports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968211039868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T06:54:57Z","timestamp":1630133697000},"page":"1356-1362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Availability of Sharps Disposal Bins: A Survey of Airports in California"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer Y.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9687-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trisha","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6110-1353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Krisiunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WNWN International, Burlington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2591-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorian","family":"Liepmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Klonoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-19322968211039868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968211024268"},{"key":"bibr2-19322968211039868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181dbc896"},{"key":"bibr3-19322968211039868","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health. Home-generated sharps waste. California Department of Public Health. Published February 2, 2021. Accessed March 12, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CEH\/DRSEM\/Pages\/EMB\/MedicalWaste\/Home-Generated-Sharps-Waste.aspx"},{"key":"bibr4-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Aeronautics Caltrans. Accessed June 16, 2021. https:\/\/dot.ca.gov\/programs\/aeronautics"},{"key":"bibr5-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Maps & Regions - Study California. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/studycalifornia.us\/life-in-california\/maps-regions\/"},{"key":"bibr6-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Cheap Flights from Buchanan Field Airport, Concord. Expedia. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.expedia.com\/lp\/airports\/ccr\/flights-from-buchanan-field-airport?pwaLob=wizard-flight-pwa"},{"key":"bibr7-19322968211039868","unstructured":"CCR Buchanan Fld Airport (CCR\/KCCR). FlightAware. Accessed June 26, 2021. http:\/\/flightaware.com\/live\/airport\/KCCR"},{"key":"bibr8-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Appendix A: list of NPIAS airports with 5-year forecast activity and development cost. Wayback Machine. Published September 27, 2012. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120927084535\/http:\/\/www.faa.gov\/airports\/planning_capacity\/npias\/reports\/media\/2011\/npias_2011_appA.pdf"},{"key":"bibr9-19322968211039868","unstructured":"$186 - Cheap flights from Concord (CCR) to Burbank (BUR) (2021). Expedia.com. Published June 26, 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.expedia.com\/lp\/flights\/ccr\/bur\/concord-to-burbank"},{"key":"bibr10-19322968211039868","unstructured":"XE141 (JSX141) JSX Flight Tracking and History. FlightAware. Published June 25, 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. http:\/\/flightaware.com\/live\/flight\/JSX141"},{"key":"bibr11-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Flight Status. Fly Humboldt. Published December 5, 2011. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/flyhumboldt.org\/home\/flight-status\/"},{"key":"bibr12-19322968211039868","unstructured":"For Passengers. Fly Humboldt. Published December 10, 2011. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/flyhumboldt.org\/for-passengers\/"},{"key":"bibr13-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airline Information. Charles M. Schulz Sonoma County Airport. Published 2020. 2011. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/sonomacountyairport.org\/passengers\/airline-information\/"},{"key":"bibr14-19322968211039868","unstructured":"International Travel. Fresno Yosemite International Airport. FAT, Fresno, CA. Published January 2, 2017. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/flyfresno.com\/international-travel\/"},{"key":"bibr15-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airline Information. Fresno Yosemite International Airport. FAT Fresno, CA. Published December 17, 2015. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/flyfresno.com\/airline-information\/"},{"key":"bibr16-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Co TK. Airline Info & Nonstop Destinations. Hollywood Burbank Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/hollywoodburbankairport.com\/flight-information\/airlines_nonstops\/"},{"key":"bibr17-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Non-stop Destinations. John Wayne Airport, Orange County. Accessed July 5, 2021. https:\/\/www.ocair.com\/travelers\/flights\/non-stop-destinations\/"},{"key":"bibr18-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airlines. John Wayne Airport, Orange County. Accessed July 5, 2021. https:\/\/www.ocair.com\/travelers\/flights\/airlines\/"},{"key":"bibr19-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airlines and Destinations. Accessed July 5, 2021. https:\/\/longbeach.gov\/link\/59946bd4a79d408c80f8b10a36390383.aspx?epslanguage=en"},{"key":"bibr20-19322968211039868","unstructured":"LAX Official Site. Airline Lists at Los Angeles International Airport. Official Website. Accessed July 5, 2021. https:\/\/www.flylax.com\/lax-airline-list"},{"key":"bibr21-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airline Information. Meadows Field Airport, Kern County, California. Accessed July 5, 2021. https:\/\/meadowsfield.com\/airline-information\/"},{"key":"bibr22-19322968211039868","unstructured":"OAK18_177C_Inserts_Routes_11x17_7JUN20_The-Routes-Back.png (2626\u00d71726). Published May 5, 2020. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.oaklandairport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/OAK18_177C_Inserts_Routes_11x17_7JUN20_The-Routes-Back.png"},{"key":"bibr23-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airlines and Destinations. Oakland International Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.oaklandairport.com\/airlines\/airlines-and-destinations\/"},{"key":"bibr24-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Nonstop Destinations. Ontario International Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.flyontario.com\/flights"},{"key":"bibr25-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Redding Municipal Airport. City of Redding. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.cityofredding.org\/departments\/airports\/redding-municipal-airport"},{"key":"bibr26-19322968211039868","unstructured":"SMF. Nonstop Destinations. Sacramento International Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/sacramento.aero\/smf\/flight-and-travel\/nonstop-destinations"},{"key":"bibr27-19322968211039868","unstructured":"SMF. Airlines. Sacramento International Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/sacramento.aero\/smf\/flight-and-travel\/airlines"},{"key":"bibr28-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Nonstop Destinations from San Diego. San Diego International Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.san.org\/Flights\/nonstop-destinations"},{"key":"bibr29-19322968211039868","unstructured":"San Diego International Airport. Flights. Airlines. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.san.org\/Flights\/Airlines#2193174-terminal-1"},{"key":"bibr30-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Flight Info. San Francisco International Airport. FlySFO. San Francisco International Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.flysfo.com\/flight-info"},{"key":"bibr31-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airlines at SFO. San Francisco International Airport. FlySFO. San Francisco International Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.flysfo.com\/flight-info\/airlines-at-sfo"},{"key":"bibr32-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Home. San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.sloairport.com\/"},{"key":"bibr33-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airline Information. San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.sloairport.com\/airline-information\/"},{"key":"bibr34-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airlines & Flight Schedules. Santa Maria Airport. Published 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. http:\/\/www.santamariaairport.com\/travel-info\/airlines-flight-schedules\/"},{"key":"bibr35-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airlines \u2013 Stockton Metropolitan Airport. Accessed July 5, 2021. https:\/\/flystockton.com\/airlines\/"},{"key":"bibr36-19322968211039868","unstructured":"Airport Categories \u2013 Airports. Federal Aviation Adminstration. Published March 18, 2021. Accessed June 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.faa.gov\/airports\/planning_capacity\/categories\/"},{"key":"bibr37-19322968211039868","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Safely using sharps (needles and syringes) at home, at work and on travel. FDA. Published March 16, 2021. Accessed May 24, 2021. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/consumer-products\/safely-using-sharps-needles-and-syringes-home-work-and-travel"},{"key":"bibr38-19322968211039868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399816999200917162514"},{"key":"bibr39-19322968211039868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296819882926"},{"key":"bibr40-19322968211039868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1897517"},{"key":"bibr41-19322968211039868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2016-0406"},{"key":"bibr42-19322968211039868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/ds17-0033"},{"key":"bibr43-19322968211039868","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Sharps disposal containers in health care facilities. FDA. Published online April 29, 2021. Accessed June 16, 2021. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/safely-using-sharps-needles-and-syringes-home-work-and-travel\/sharps-disposal-containers-health-care-facilities"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19322968211039868","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19322968211039868","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19322968211039868","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:15:26Z","timestamp":1777400126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19322968211039868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19322968211039868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19322968211039868","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-2968","1932-2968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-2968","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-2968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]]}}}