{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:37:13Z","timestamp":1790883433970,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100574\/Z\/12\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100574\/Z\/12\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007028","name":"Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2016PG-T1D046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2016PG-T1D046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001922","name":"Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14\/23\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/23\/09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001922","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Closed-loop technology may help address health disparities experienced by adolescents, who are more likely to have suboptimal glycemic control than other age groups and, because of their age, find diabetes self-management particularly challenging. The CamAPS FX closed-loop has sought to address accessibility and usability issues reported by users of previous prototype systems. It comprises small components and a smartphone app used to: announce meal-time boluses, adjust (\u201cboost\u201d or \u201cease-off\u201d) closed-loop insulin delivery, customize alarms, and review\/share data. We explored how using the CamAPS FX platform influences adolescents\u2019 self-management practices and everyday lives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen adolescents were interviewed after having \u22656\u2009months experience using the closed-loop platform. Data were analyzed thematically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants reported feeling less burdened and shackled by diabetes because closed-loop components were easier to carry\/wear, finger-pricks were not required, the smartphone app provided a discreet and less stigmatizing way of managing diabetes in public, and they were able to customize alarms. Participants also reported checking and reviewing data more regularly, because they did so when using the smartphone for other reasons. Some reported challenges in school settings where use of personal phones was restricted. Participants highlighted how self-management practices were improved because they could easily review glucose data and adjust closed-loop insulin delivery using the \u201cboost\u201d and \u201cease-off\u201d functions. Some described how using the system resulted in them forgetting about diabetes and neglecting certain tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A closed-loop system with small components and control algorithm on a smartphone app can enhance usability and acceptability for adolescents and may help address the health-related disparities experienced by this age group. However, challenges can arise from using a medical app on a device which doubles as a smartphone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Closed Loop From Onset in Type 1 Diabetes (CLOuD); NCT02871089; https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02871089<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296821994201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T02:06:26Z","timestamp":1626314786000},"page":"1042-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Adolescents\u2019 Experiences of Using a Smartphone Application Hosting a Closed-loop Algorithm to Manage Type 1 Diabetes in Everyday Life: Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5835-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Rankin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kimbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust \u2013 Medical Research Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel E. 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