{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:23:47Z","timestamp":1792571027534,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Assessment of glucose exposure via glycated hemoglobin A\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      c (HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      c) has limitations for interpretation in individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The glucose management indicator (GMI) derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data could be an alternative. However, the concordance between HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      c measured in laboratory and GMI (HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      c-GMI) is uncertain in individuals with CKD. The purpose of this study is to analyze this discrepancy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a multicentric, retrospective, observational study. A group of individuals with diabetes and CKD (n = 170) was compared with a group of individuals with diabetes without CKD (n = 185). All individuals used an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). A comparison of 14-day and 90-day glucose data recorded by the isCGM was performed to calculate GMI and the discordance between lab HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      c and GMI was analyzed by a Bland-Altman method and linear regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      c-GMI discordance was significantly higher in the CKD group versus without CKD group (0.78 \u00b1 0.57 [0.66-0.90] vs 0.59 \u00b1 0.44 [0.50-0.66]%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .005). An absolute difference &gt;0.5% was found in 68.2% of individuals with CKD versus 42.2% of individuals without CKD. We suggest a new specific formula to estimate HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      c from the linear regression between HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      c and mean glucose CGM, namely CKD-GMI = 0.0261 \u00d7 90-day mean glucose (mg\/L) + 3.5579 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.59).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HbA1c-GMI discordance is frequent and usually in favor of an HbA1c level higher than the GMI value, which can lead to errors in changes in glucose-lowering therapy, especially for individuals with CKD. This latter population should benefit from the CGM to measure their glucose exposure more precisely.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968221092050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T05:18:52Z","timestamp":1650863932000},"page":"1553-1562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Discordance Between Glycated Hemoglobin A1c and the Glucose Management Indicator in People With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9810-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Oriot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de diab\u00e9tologie et endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier de Mouscron, Mouscron, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Viry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019endocrinologie, diab\u00e8te et maladies m\u00e9taboliques, CHU de Rouen, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Vandelaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de diab\u00e9tologie, maladies m\u00e9taboliques et nutrition, CHU Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Grigioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de nutrition, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France"},{"name":"Normandy University, Rouen, France"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malanie","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019endocrinologie, diab\u00e8te et maladies m\u00e9taboliques, CHU de Rouen, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Christophe","family":"Philips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de diab\u00e9tologie, maladies m\u00e9taboliques et nutrition, CHU Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebtan","family":"Pr\u00e9vost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019endocrinologie, diab\u00e8te et maladies m\u00e9taboliques, CHU de Rouen, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu006."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa017."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-0407.2010.00100.x."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0917."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2012.12002443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2019.0121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1581"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0455"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nutritional anaemias [Report of a WHO Scientific Group]","volume":"405","author":"Blanc B","year":"1968","unstructured":"Blanc B, Finch CA, Hallberg L, et al. 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