{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:49:29Z","timestamp":1777556969741,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pandemic circumstances created challenges for doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students to understand social determinants of health (SDH) in clinical rotations. Instead of canceling clinical rotations, a virtual reality cinema (cine-VR) education series was implemented. The purpose of this project is to describe the effect of this simulated immersion on student empathy and attitudes toward diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DPT students (n=59) participated in 12 cine-VR education modules, completing surveys at three time points as part of coursework. The students completed baseline measures of the Diabetes Attitude Scale\u2013Version 3 (DAS-3) and Jefferson Empathy Scale (JES), and then were immersed in 12 cine-VR modules. One week after module completion, students participated in a class discussion about the modules. The students repeated the JES and DAS-3 scales at postclass and six weeks later. Three subscales from the Presence Questionnaire (PQ) were used to measure the virtual experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Student scores on three DAS-3 subscales significantly improved on posttest: Attitude toward patient autonomy, Mean: 0.75, SD: 0.45; t(58) = 12.742, P &lt; .001; Psychosocial impact of diabetes, Mean: \u22120.21, SD: 0.41; t(58) = \u22123.854, P &lt; .001; and Seriousness of type 2 diabetes, Mean: \u2212039, SD: 0.44; t(58) = \u22126.780, P &lt; .001, with lower scores six weeks later. Student scores increased on the JES and remained high ( P &lt; .001). High subscale scores on the PQ demonstrated immersion and involvement in the virtual experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These modules can allow for a shared student experience that improves diabetes attitudes, increases empathy, and fosters meaningful classroom discussion. The cine-VR experience is flexible, and modules allow students to engage in aspects of a patient\u2019s life that were not available otherwise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968231174441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:49:59Z","timestamp":1685069399000},"page":"1172-1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Creating Patient Context: Empathy and Attitudes Toward Diabetes Following Virtual Immersion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3025-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana L.","family":"Wardian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessa M.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy Education, Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Cochran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy Education, Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-19322968231174441","unstructured":"Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (n.d.). 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