{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:16:21Z","timestamp":1787019381423,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7SFRN33590133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7SFRN33590133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UL1TR001445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UL1TR001445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01LM011826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01LM011826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01LM013308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01LM013308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54TR004279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54TR004279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurately identifying eating patterns, specifically the timing, frequency, and distribution of eating occasions (EOs), is important for assessing eating behaviors, especially for preventing and managing obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, existing methods to study EOs rely on self-report, which may be prone to misreporting and bias and has a high user burden. Therefore, objective methods are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aim to compare EO timing using objective and subjective methods. Participants self-reported EO with a smartphone app (self-report [SR]), wore the ActiGraph GT9X on their dominant wrist, and wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM, Abbott Libre Pro) for 10 days. EOs were detected from wrist motion (WM) using a motion-based classifier and from CGM using a simulation-based system. We described EO timing and explored how timing identified with WM and CGM compares with SR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 39) were 59 \u00b1 11 years old, mostly female (62%) and White (51%) with a body mass index (BMI) of 34.2 \u00b1 4.7 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . All had prediabetes or moderately controlled T2D. The median time-of-day first EO (and interquartile range) for SR, WM, and CGM were 08:24 (07:00-09:59), 9:42 (07:46-12:26), and 06:55 (04:23-10:03), respectively. The median last EO for SR, WM, and CGM were 20:20 (16:50-21:42), 20:12 (18:30-21:41), and 21:43 (20:35-22:16), respectively. The overlap between SR and CGM was 55% to 80% of EO detected with tolerance periods of \u00b130, 60, and 120 minutes. The overlap between SR and WM was 52% to 65% EO detected with tolerance periods of \u00b130, 60, and 120 minutes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The continuous glucose monitor and WM detected overlapping but not identical meals and may provide complementary information to self-reported EO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968231197205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T07:30:27Z","timestamp":1695627027000},"page":"266-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Objective Determination of Eating Occasion Timing: Combining Self-Report, Wrist Motion, and Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Detect Eating Occasions in Adults With Prediabetes and Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5680-8784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collin J.","family":"Popp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7712-340X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis A.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"St-Jules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souptik","family":"Barua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Sevick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6964-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Kleinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3060."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00125-020-05140-5\/TABLES\/2."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/JEGH.K.191028.001."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/DME.12105."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0284-x."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.09.005."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/DIACLIN.24.2.71."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review","volume":"11","author":"Sami W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sami W, Ansari T, Butt NS, Hamid MRA. 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